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Anatomy & Physiology > Module 12: Digestive System > Flashcards

Module 12: Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Fxns of Digestive System (I.D.A.C.D.)

A 
Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Compaction
Defecation
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2
Q

Digestion occurs in two methods:

A

Mechanical & Chemical

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3
Q

Mechanical Digestion

A

Physical breakdown of food (ie chewing, grinding, churning)

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4
Q

Chemical Digestion

A

uses digestive chemicals such as enzymes

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5
Q

Name the tube that moves through the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestines

A

Digestive Tract

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6
Q

Name the four layers of the digestive tract

A

Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis & Serosa

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7
Q

Mucosa: Level of Layer
Type of Tissue
Function

A

Inner layer
contains epithelium & connective tissue
fxns in secretion & absorption

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8
Q

Submucosa: Type of Tissue
Contains (b/g/n)
Function

A

Made of connective tissue; contains blood vessels, glands, & nerves; functions in support

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9
Q

Muscularis

A

Made of muscle

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10
Q

In the mouth and upper esophagus, the Muscularis layer is made up of

A

Skeletal Muscle

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11
Q

Beginning in lower esophagus & throughout remaining digestive tract is made up of

A

Smooth Muscle

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12
Q

Serosa: Layer location
Type of tissue
Fxn

A

Outermost layer; made of epithelium & connective tissue; acts as covering

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13
Q

Function of accessory organs

A

aids digestion by producing enzymes or some form of mechanical digestion

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14
Q

Name accessory organs: T.T.S.L.G.P.

A

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, & pancreas

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15
Q

Mouth

A

aka oral cavity; functions in ingestion, digestion, swallowing, speech & respiration

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16
Q

Mucosa in the Mouth is layered with what type of tissue

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

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17
Q

Tongue: Made of &

Fxn

A

Made of Skeletal muscle; manipulates food, vital in speech & initiates swallowing reflex

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18
Q

Palate

A

roof of mouth

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19
Q

______ Palate is

the anterior portion formed by the ______ & ______ ______.

A

Hard palate; Maxilla & Palatine bone

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20
Q

_____ palate is posterior portion made up of ______ ______ & _______ _______.

A

Soft Palate; skeletal muscle & glandular tissue

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21
Q

Off the soft palate is the _____.

A

Uvula

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22
Q

Fxn of Uvula

A

keeps food in oral cavity, closes off nasal pharynx when swallowing

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23
Q

On the tongue is the lingual papillae aka

A

taste buds

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24
Q

Lingual Frenulum

A

connective tissue that attaches the the tongue to the floor of the mouth

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25
Q

Three types of Salivary glands

A

Parotid glands, Sublingual glands,

Submandibular glands

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26
Q

Salivary glands produce ______, a fluid substance that starts chemical digestion of carbohydrates with ______ _______.

A

Saliva; Salivary Amylase

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27
Q

Saliva contains what substances that help bind and lubricate food

A

Water & Mucus

28
Q

What are the two sets of Teeth called

A

Deciduous & Permanent

29
Q

Name the three parts of Teeth

A

Crown, Root, Neck

30
Q

Deciduous Teeth aka

A

baby teeth

31
Q

Permanent Teeth aka

A

Adult teeth

32
Q

Part of tooth that is exposed

A

Crown

33
Q

Portion of tooth below the gum line

A

Root

34
Q

Portion of tooth where the crown & root meet

A

Neck

35
Q

Teeth is composed of three main substances

A

Dentin, Enamel, Cementum

36
Q

Dentin

A

hard-yellowish tissue, makes up internal tooth & lines root canal cavity

37
Q

Enamel

A

covers exposed portion of tooth (crown & neck)

38
Q

Cementum

A

covers root

39
Q

______ & ______ are living tissue of the tooth that regenerates throughout life

A

Cementum & Dentin

40
Q

Which two parts of the Pharynx aids in digestions and moves the Bolus to the esophagus

A

Oropharynx & Laryngopharynx

41
Q

_______ transports the bolus from the pharynx to the stomach

A

Esophagus

42
Q

The Esophagus begins with ______ muscle then transitions into ______ muscle

A

Skeletal; Smooth

43
Q

The esophagus’s wavelike smooth muscle contraction to move the bolus if referred to as

A

Peristalsis

44
Q

A structure that prevents food from coming back up & destroying delicate mucosa of the esophagus

A

Esophageal Sphincter

45
Q

Stomach Fxn

A

Storage & Digestion of Chyme

46
Q

Name the four regions of the stomach

A

cardiac, fundic, body, pyloric

47
Q

The Pyloric region is separated from the small intestine by the _____ ______ .

A

Pyloric Sphincter

48
Q

Pyloric Sphincter Fxn

A

Regulates passage of Chyme

49
Q

Name the 3 differences of the stomach lining vs. the rest of the digestive tract

A

Muscularis layer
Stomach has Rugae
Mucosa Layer

50
Q

Muscularis layer of the stomach is formed by three layers

A

Longitudinal, Circular, Oblique

51
Q

What allows the stomach multidimensional contraction & aid with mixing of gastric products & mechanical digestion

A

Muscularis Layers of the stomach

52
Q

Rugae of the Stomach

A

wrinkles in the mucosa & submucosa when the stomach is empty; allows for expansion when we eat

53
Q

Mucosa of the stomach contains depressions lined with columnar epithelium

A

Gastric Pits

54
Q

Gastric Pits are lined with

A

Columnar Epithelium

55
Q

Mucosa lines with columnar epithelium consists of three cell types

A

Mucous Cells, Parietal Cells, Chief Cells

56
Q

Mucous Cells

A

secrete mucous; most abundant

57
Q

Parietal Cells

A

secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) & Intrinsic factor

58
Q

Intrinsic Factor

A

essential in absorption of vitamin B12

59
Q

Without Vitamin B12, a person would not be able to produce ______.

A

Hemoglobin

60
Q

_______ ______ activates enzymes in the stomach such as lingual lipase & pepsinogen

A

Hydrochloric Acid

61
Q

Chief Cells

A

secrete pepsinogen & gastric lipase

62
Q

Pepsinogen

A

inactive pepsin

63
Q

Enzyme activated by HCl acid & converted to pepsin

A

pepsinogen

64
Q

in chemical digestion, Pepsin breaks down ______. Gastric Lipase & Lingual Lipase break down _____.

A

Proteins; Fats

65
Q

Pepsin, Gastric lipase & Lingual lipase are referred to as

A

Gastric Glands

Anatomy & Physiology (18 decks)

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