Module 12: Digestive System Flashcards
Fxns of Digestive System (I.D.A.C.D.)
Ingestion Digestion Absorption Compaction Defecation
Digestion occurs in two methods:
Mechanical & Chemical
Mechanical Digestion
Physical breakdown of food (ie chewing, grinding, churning)
Chemical Digestion
uses digestive chemicals such as enzymes
Name the tube that moves through the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestines
Digestive Tract
Name the four layers of the digestive tract
Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis & Serosa
Mucosa: Level of Layer
Type of Tissue
Function
Inner layer
contains epithelium & connective tissue
fxns in secretion & absorption
Submucosa: Type of Tissue
Contains (b/g/n)
Function
Made of connective tissue; contains blood vessels, glands, & nerves; functions in support
Muscularis
Made of muscle
In the mouth and upper esophagus, the Muscularis layer is made up of
Skeletal Muscle
Beginning in lower esophagus & throughout remaining digestive tract is made up of
Smooth Muscle
Serosa: Layer location
Type of tissue
Fxn
Outermost layer; made of epithelium & connective tissue; acts as covering
Function of accessory organs
aids digestion by producing enzymes or some form of mechanical digestion
Name accessory organs: T.T.S.L.G.P.
teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, & pancreas
Mouth
aka oral cavity; functions in ingestion, digestion, swallowing, speech & respiration
Mucosa in the Mouth is layered with what type of tissue
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Tongue: Made of &
Fxn
Made of Skeletal muscle; manipulates food, vital in speech & initiates swallowing reflex
Palate
roof of mouth
______ Palate is
the anterior portion formed by the ______ & ______ ______.
Hard palate; Maxilla & Palatine bone
_____ palate is posterior portion made up of ______ ______ & _______ _______.
Soft Palate; skeletal muscle & glandular tissue
Off the soft palate is the _____.
Uvula
Fxn of Uvula
keeps food in oral cavity, closes off nasal pharynx when swallowing
On the tongue is the lingual papillae aka
taste buds
Lingual Frenulum
connective tissue that attaches the the tongue to the floor of the mouth
Three types of Salivary glands
Parotid glands, Sublingual glands,
Submandibular glands
Salivary glands produce ______, a fluid substance that starts chemical digestion of carbohydrates with ______ _______.
Saliva; Salivary Amylase
Saliva contains what substances that help bind and lubricate food
Water & Mucus
What are the two sets of Teeth called
Deciduous & Permanent
Name the three parts of Teeth
Crown, Root, Neck
Deciduous Teeth aka
baby teeth
Permanent Teeth aka
Adult teeth
Part of tooth that is exposed
Crown
Portion of tooth below the gum line
Root
Portion of tooth where the crown & root meet
Neck
Teeth is composed of three main substances
Dentin, Enamel, Cementum
Dentin
hard-yellowish tissue, makes up internal tooth & lines root canal cavity
Enamel
covers exposed portion of tooth (crown & neck)
Cementum
covers root
______ & ______ are living tissue of the tooth that regenerates throughout life
Cementum & Dentin
Which two parts of the Pharynx aids in digestions and moves the Bolus to the esophagus
Oropharynx & Laryngopharynx
_______ transports the bolus from the pharynx to the stomach
Esophagus
The Esophagus begins with ______ muscle then transitions into ______ muscle
Skeletal; Smooth
The esophagus’s wavelike smooth muscle contraction to move the bolus if referred to as
Peristalsis
A structure that prevents food from coming back up & destroying delicate mucosa of the esophagus
Esophageal Sphincter
Stomach Fxn
Storage & Digestion of Chyme
Name the four regions of the stomach
cardiac, fundic, body, pyloric
The Pyloric region is separated from the small intestine by the _____ ______ .
Pyloric Sphincter
Pyloric Sphincter Fxn
Regulates passage of Chyme
Name the 3 differences of the stomach lining vs. the rest of the digestive tract
Muscularis layer
Stomach has Rugae
Mucosa Layer
Muscularis layer of the stomach is formed by three layers
Longitudinal, Circular, Oblique
What allows the stomach multidimensional contraction & aid with mixing of gastric products & mechanical digestion
Muscularis Layers of the stomach
Rugae of the Stomach
wrinkles in the mucosa & submucosa when the stomach is empty; allows for expansion when we eat
Mucosa of the stomach contains depressions lined with columnar epithelium
Gastric Pits
Gastric Pits are lined with
Columnar Epithelium
Mucosa lines with columnar epithelium consists of three cell types
Mucous Cells, Parietal Cells, Chief Cells
Mucous Cells
secrete mucous; most abundant
Parietal Cells
secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) & Intrinsic factor
Intrinsic Factor
essential in absorption of vitamin B12
Without Vitamin B12, a person would not be able to produce ______.
Hemoglobin
_______ ______ activates enzymes in the stomach such as lingual lipase & pepsinogen
Hydrochloric Acid
Chief Cells
secrete pepsinogen & gastric lipase
Pepsinogen
inactive pepsin
Enzyme activated by HCl acid & converted to pepsin
pepsinogen
in chemical digestion, Pepsin breaks down ______. Gastric Lipase & Lingual Lipase break down _____.
Proteins; Fats
Pepsin, Gastric lipase & Lingual lipase are referred to as
Gastric Glands
