Module 1: Intro to A&P Flashcards
True or False? A theory is an explanatory statement derived from facts, laws, and confirmed hypothesis
False
Which of the following lists the structures from LESS COMPLEX to MORE COMPLEX?
A. organelle,organ,cell,tissue
B. organ,tissue,organelle,molecule
C. molecule, cell, tissue,organ
D. organ system, tissue, cell, atom
C.
Which of the following is an example of how we maintain homeostasis?
a. an allergic rxn to a bee sting
b. sweating in response to elevated body temp
c. heart attack
B
What does the nucleus of an atom contain?
Protons & Neutrons
In a water environment acids release what?
Hydrogen Ions
Which of the following is a Disaccharide? glycogen lactose galactose fructose
lactose
Which of the following is a Polysaccharide? peptide fructose triglyceride glycogen
glycogen
A fatty acid that contains the maximum amount of hydrogen atoms is refered to as…
Saturated
An atom has an atomic number of 5 and is neutral. What would you find in the outer energy level (valence) of this atom?
3 electrons
Anterior
Front
Posterior
Back
Cephalic
Head or superior end
Rostral
Forehead or nose
Caudal
Tail or inferior end
Superior
Above
Inferior
Below
Medial
Toward median plane
Lateral
Away from median plane
Proximal
Closer to point of attachment
Distal
Farther from point of attachment
Ispilateral
on same side of body (right or left)
Contralateral
on opposite side of body (right or left)
Superficial
Closer to body surface
Deep
Farther from body surface
Acromial
Shoulder
Axillary
Armpit
Brachial
Arm
Cubital
Elbow
Antebrachial
Forearm
Carpal
Wrist
Palmar
Palm
Coxal
Hip
Patellar
Knee
Cephalic
Head
Facial
Face
Cervical
Neck
Inguinal
Groin
Femoral
Thigh
Crural
Leg
Tarsal
Ankle
Pedal
Foot
Plantar
Sole of Foot
Nuchal
back of neck
Gluteal
Buttock
Calcaneal
Heel
Two philosophers pushed science more into public eye and moved it into direction of modern form
Francis Bacon & Rene Descartes
Scientific Method
Set of procedures and steps that allow scientists to collect and analyze data to form conclusion; we cant fully prove; we can say true beyond reasonable doubt
Basic steps of Scientific Method (1-5)
QMIFA
- question/observation
- method
- interpret
- formulate conclusion
- Assess study to alter
Inductive Method
observes world around us
collects observations
form generalizations;
no manipulation (Anatomy)
Hypothetico-deductive method
starts with hypothesis, develops experiment to test it. (Physiology)
Law of Nature
generalization about ways in which nature operates; inductive method
Theory
Explanatory statement or set of statements derived from facts laws and confirmed hypotheses.
Anatomy
Study of structure (morphology) & form, location
Physiology
study of function
Hierarchy of complexity (largest to smallest)
Organisms, organ systems, organs, tissues, cells, organelles, molecules, atoms
Atom
units of matter - Basic bldg block of human body. Ex/ Carbon
Molecules
composed of two or more atoms (two types) Micro & Macro
Micromolecules
smaller, ex/ water
Macromolecules
large collections; complex. ex/ DNA, proteins, carbs
Organelles
structures within cells that carry out metabolic fxns
Cells
first living level of hierarchy; carry out all fxns of life
Tissues
collections of cells
Organs
collections of 2 or more tissues; definite boundaries
Homeostasis
maintenance of stable, internal environment; failure to maintain results in illness.
Negative Feedback
primary mechanism for maintaining homeostasis. Counter act / reverse changes.
Example of Negative Feedback
Thermostat - when house gets too cool, the heat kicks on.
Name the three components of Negative Feedback loop & describe them
Receptor - senses and detects changes in body
Integrating Center - part of nervous system that takes in info and decides what needs to be done
Effector - cell or organ that responds and counter acts change
What does Positive Feedback do? Provide an Example, describe process.
amplifies change; Ex/ Child birth & fever. Baby pushes on cervix, triggering brain to stimulate pituitary gland to release oxytocin. Oxytocin stimulates uterus to contract, causing baby to push on cervix more and continues cycle until baby is born.
What is the Anatomically correct position?
standing upright, feet flat on floor, arms to side, palms and eye facing forward
What is the purpose of the Anatomical position?
provides consistent frame of reference with minimal confusion.
Sagittal plane
divides vertically into left and right portions
Frontal or Coronal plane
divides body into anterior & posterior portions
Transverse plane
divides body into superior & inferior positions
