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Anatomy & Physiology > Module 1: Intro to A&P > Flashcards

Module 1: Intro to A&P Flashcards

1
Q

True or False? A theory is an explanatory statement derived from facts, laws, and confirmed hypothesis

A

False

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2
Q

Which of the following lists the structures from LESS COMPLEX to MORE COMPLEX?

A. organelle,organ,cell,tissue
B. organ,tissue,organelle,molecule
C. molecule, cell, tissue,organ
D. organ system, tissue, cell, atom

A

C.

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3
Q

Which of the following is an example of how we maintain homeostasis?

a. an allergic rxn to a bee sting
b. sweating in response to elevated body temp
c. heart attack

A

B

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4
Q

What does the nucleus of an atom contain?

A

Protons & Neutrons

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5
Q

In a water environment acids release what?

A

Hydrogen Ions

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6
Q 
Which of the following is a Disaccharide? 
glycogen
lactose
galactose
fructose
A

lactose

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7
Q 
Which of the following is a Polysaccharide?
peptide
fructose
triglyceride
glycogen
A

glycogen

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8
Q

A fatty acid that contains the maximum amount of hydrogen atoms is refered to as…

A

Saturated

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9
Q

An atom has an atomic number of 5 and is neutral. What would you find in the outer energy level (valence) of this atom?

A

3 electrons

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10
Q

Anterior

A

Front

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11
Q

Posterior

A

Back

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12
Q

Cephalic

A

Head or superior end

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13
Q

Rostral

A

Forehead or nose

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14
Q

Caudal

A

Tail or inferior end

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15
Q

Superior

A

Above

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16
Q

Inferior

A

Below

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17
Q

Medial

A

Toward median plane

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18
Q

Lateral

A

Away from median plane

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19
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to point of attachment

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20
Q

Distal

A

Farther from point of attachment

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21
Q

Ispilateral

A

on same side of body (right or left)

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22
Q

Contralateral

A

on opposite side of body (right or left)

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23
Q

Superficial

A

Closer to body surface

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24
Q

Deep

A

Farther from body surface

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25
Q

Acromial

A

Shoulder

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26
Q

Axillary

A

Armpit

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27
Q

Brachial

A

Arm

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28
Q

Cubital

A

Elbow

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29
Q

Antebrachial

A

Forearm

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30
Q

Carpal

A

Wrist

31
Q

Palmar

A

Palm

32
Q

Coxal

A

Hip

33
Q

Patellar

A

Knee

34
Q

Cephalic

A

Head

35
Q

Facial

A

Face

36
Q

Cervical

A

Neck

37
Q

Inguinal

A

Groin

38
Q

Femoral

A

Thigh

39
Q

Crural

A

Leg

40
Q

Tarsal

A

Ankle

41
Q

Pedal

A

Foot

42
Q

Plantar

A

Sole of Foot

43
Q

Nuchal

A

back of neck

44
Q

Gluteal

A

Buttock

45
Q

Calcaneal

A

Heel

46
Q

Two philosophers pushed science more into public eye and moved it into direction of modern form

A

Francis Bacon & Rene Descartes

47
Q

Scientific Method

A

Set of procedures and steps that allow scientists to collect and analyze data to form conclusion; we cant fully prove; we can say true beyond reasonable doubt

48
Q

Basic steps of Scientific Method (1-5)

QMIFA

A
  1. question/observation
  2. method
  3. interpret
  4. formulate conclusion
  5. Assess study to alter
49
Q

Inductive Method

A

observes world around us
collects observations
form generalizations;
no manipulation (Anatomy)

50
Q

Hypothetico-deductive method

A

starts with hypothesis, develops experiment to test it. (Physiology)

51
Q

Law of Nature

A

generalization about ways in which nature operates; inductive method

52
Q

Theory

A

Explanatory statement or set of statements derived from facts laws and confirmed hypotheses.

53
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of structure (morphology) & form, location

54
Q

Physiology

A

study of function

55
Q

Hierarchy of complexity (largest to smallest)

A

Organisms, organ systems, organs, tissues, cells, organelles, molecules, atoms

56
Q

Atom

A

units of matter - Basic bldg block of human body. Ex/ Carbon

57
Q

Molecules

A

composed of two or more atoms (two types) Micro & Macro

58
Q

Micromolecules

A

smaller, ex/ water

59
Q

Macromolecules

A

large collections; complex. ex/ DNA, proteins, carbs

60
Q

Organelles

A

structures within cells that carry out metabolic fxns

61
Q

Cells

A

first living level of hierarchy; carry out all fxns of life

62
Q

Tissues

A

collections of cells

63
Q

Organs

A

collections of 2 or more tissues; definite boundaries

64
Q

Homeostasis

A

maintenance of stable, internal environment; failure to maintain results in illness.

65
Q

Negative Feedback

A

primary mechanism for maintaining homeostasis. Counter act / reverse changes.

66
Q

Example of Negative Feedback

A

Thermostat - when house gets too cool, the heat kicks on.

67
Q

Name the three components of Negative Feedback loop & describe them

A

Receptor - senses and detects changes in body

Integrating Center - part of nervous system that takes in info and decides what needs to be done

Effector - cell or organ that responds and counter acts change

68
Q

What does Positive Feedback do? Provide an Example, describe process.

A

amplifies change; Ex/ Child birth & fever. Baby pushes on cervix, triggering brain to stimulate pituitary gland to release oxytocin. Oxytocin stimulates uterus to contract, causing baby to push on cervix more and continues cycle until baby is born.

69
Q

What is the Anatomically correct position?

A

standing upright, feet flat on floor, arms to side, palms and eye facing forward

70
Q

What is the purpose of the Anatomical position?

A

provides consistent frame of reference with minimal confusion.

71
Q

Sagittal plane

A

divides vertically into left and right portions

72
Q

Frontal or Coronal plane

A

divides body into anterior & posterior portions

73
Q

Transverse plane

A

divides body into superior & inferior positions

Anatomy & Physiology (18 decks)

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