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Anatomy & Physiology > Module 15 - Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Module 15 - Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Name the primary sex organs of the reproductive system & specifically of the female / male reproductive system

A

Gonads; Ovaries & testes

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2
Q

What are the sex cells produced by the gonads

A

gametes

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3
Q

Gametes in Females are the

A

ovum or egg

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4
Q

In every somatic cell in our body there are how many chromosomes?

A

46 (23 pairs)

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5
Q

46 chromosomes are aka the..

A

Diploid number (2n)

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6
Q

In ______ there are half the number of chromosomes, 23. This is a _______ number and is written how?

A

Gametes;

Haploid shown as 1n

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7
Q

In female eggs there are two ____ chromosomes

A

X

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8
Q

In male sperm there is an ___ & ___ chromosome

A

XY

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9
Q

All chromosomes are called _________, with the exception of ____ ________.

A

Autosomes; Sex Chromosomes

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10
Q

Result of fertilization is the formation of a

A

Zygote

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11
Q

A Zygote will start dividing as soon as it forms. This cell division is called ______ and will produce cells with 46 chromosomes.

A

mitosis

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12
Q

Zygotes divide by ______ and Gametes divide by _____.

A

Mitosis ; Meiosis

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13
Q

Meiosis is a ______ division

A

reduction

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14
Q

Fxns of the Female reproductive system (PSFS)

A

Production of eggs
Site of fertilization / fetal development
Fetal nourishment
Secretion of hormones

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15
Q

Name the secondary/ accessory organs in females

UUVE

A

Uterine tubes
Uterus
Vagina
External Genitalia

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16
Q

The Vagina is aka

A

birth canal

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17
Q

The mucous that lubricates the vagina comes from the outer ______ ______ & _______.

A

Serous membrane; Cervix

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18
Q

Lower end of vagina contains _____ _____ which helps to stimulate ______.

A

vaginal rugae; ejaculation

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19
Q

Female external genitalia are collectively called

A

Vulva

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20
Q

The _____ _____ & _____ _____ are tissue folds that surround the urinary & reproductive external orifices.

A

labium majus & labium minus

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21
Q

The _____ is a collection of specialized cells that has no urinary or reproductive function; it is entirely sensory.

A

Clitoris

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22
Q

The ____ ____ overlays the pubic bone & bears most of the pubic hair

A

mons pubis

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23
Q

The mons pubis is composed of

A

adipose tissue

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24
Q

The ____ mucosa layer forms a membrane called the _____.

A

Inner; Hymen

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25
Q

Hymen is location

A

across the opening of vaginal canal

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26
Q

Vaginal epithelium is what tissue type?

A

Stratified cuboidal

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27
Q

Ovaries are attached to the

A

uterus

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28
Q

_____ _____ secure them to the uterus

A

ovarian ligaments

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29
Q

________ is parietal peritoneum

A

Mesometrium

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30
Q

Mesometrium holds the uterus, ovary, and uterine tubes in position, within the ______ _____.

A

Peritoneal cavity

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31
Q

There are two ____ layers surrounding the uterus - the inner & outer layers aka..

A

Serous;

Visceral (inner) & parietal (outer)

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32
Q

Suspensory ligaments contain what?

A

Ovarian artery, veins & nerves

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33
Q

____ ____ secure ovaries to pelvic wall

A

Suspensory ligaments

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34
Q

Interior of the ovary is divided into the

A

cortex & medulla

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35
Q

The cortex is outer portion where the _____ cells & _____ develop.

A

germ cells & follicles

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36
Q

The medulla is primarily occupied by

A

major arteries & veins

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37
Q

The egg or ovum develops inside a fluid-filled structure called a _____.

A

follicle

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38
Q

Name the follicle types according to their maturity

A

Primordial follicles
Primary follicles
Secondary follicles
Mature follicles

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39
Q

Fxn of follicles

A

nourish developing oocyte

secrete estrogen

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40
Q

In primordial & primary follicles the primary oocyte is surrounded by

A

single layer of follicular cells

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41
Q

When primary follicle matures to a secondary follicle the oocyte is surrounded by

A

stratified granulosa cells

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42
Q

Mature follicles aka

A

Graafian follicles

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43
Q

In mature follicles the follicular cells become fluid filled cavity called

A

antrum

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44
Q

What are the 2 muscular tubes that extend from ovary to uterus

A

uterine tubes

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45
Q

Distal end of the uterine tubes expand to form

A

infundibulum

46
Q

Ampulla

A

middle & longest part of the uterine tubes

47
Q

Isthmus

A

narrower end of uterine tube toward uterus

48
Q

Fimbriae: Structure & location

A

fingerlike projections found at distal end of uterine tubes

49
Q

Fimbriae: Fxn

A

directs ovulated egg into uterine tube

50
Q

Name the walls of the uterine tubes

innermost to outer layer

A

Inner - Mucous lined with ciliated cells
Middle - smooth muscle
Outer - Serous membrane

51
Q

_____ & _____ action, in the middle layer of the uterine tubes, transport oocyte or fertilized ovum to the uterus

A

Peristalsis & Ciliary

52
Q

Uterine Tube is the site of

A

fertilization

53
Q

Uterine tubes are not physically connected to the ovary, so _______ is required to help guide the egg in the right direction.

A

Fimbriae

54
Q

Occasionally eggs do get lost in ______ _____.

A

Peritoneal cavity

55
Q

Uterus: Structure & anatomical segments (three)

A

thick-walled, muscular chamber

  1. Fundus (superior portion)
  2. Body (central portion)
  3. Cervix (narrow, inferior portion)
56
Q

Below the uterus is the ____ ____. It has two openings: into the uterus called _____ ___ and opening into vagina called _____ ___.

A

Cervical Canal;

Internal OS & External OS

57
Q

If there is fertilization the zygote implants in the _____ ___.

A

Uterine wall

58
Q

Name the 3 layers of the uterine wall

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

59
Q

Perimetrium

A

Outer serosal layer of uterine wall

60
Q

Myometrium

A

Middle muscular layer of uterine wall

61
Q

Endometrium

A

Innermost; Mucosal layer

highly vascular epithelial cells

62
Q

Which layer of the uterine wall undergoes labor contractions during birth of the fetus

A

Myometrium

63
Q

The Endometrium has two layers: name & location

A

Stratum Functionalis - closer to the cavity

Stratum Basalis - Permanent layer

64
Q

Fxn of Stratum Functionalis

A

sheds during menstruation & rebuilt if no implantation

65
Q

Fxn of Stratum Basalis

A

builds functional layer after each menstruation

66
Q

Vaginal Canal is made up of three layers- name from outside in

A

Outer - Adventitia layer
Middle - Muscularis layer
Inner - Mucosal layer

67
Q

The Vaginal canal has an _____ pH level

A

Acidic

68
Q

Non-lactating breast consists of mostly these two types of tissue & are modified ____ _____.

A

Adipose & Collagenous Tissue; sweat glands

69
Q

In lactating breasts there are how many lobes around each nipple

A

15-20

70
Q

In lactating breasts, the ______ _____ drains each lobe

A

Lactiferous duct

71
Q

Describe the path of milk flow

MLLNE

A

Mammary glands > Lactiferous ducts > lactiferous sinus > nipple > exterior

72
Q

Before breast milk is produced, a thin secretion similar to breast milk but contains 1/3 less fat is produced, which provided nutrition for the first 1-3 days after birth. This is called

A

Colostrum

73
Q

Breast Milk contains what?

PS F.L.A.W.S

A 
proteins
sugar
fats
lysozyme
antibodies
water
salts
74
Q

Milk production is stimulated by what hormone

A

Prolactin

75
Q

Milk ejection is controlled by what hormone

A

Oxytocin

76
Q

oogonia is depicted as

A

2n

77
Q

oogonia undergo mitosis to divide into

A

primary oocyte (2n)

78
Q

At puberty, the anterior pituitary starts secreting what hormone?

A

FSH

79
Q

With FSH stimulation the primary oocyte will resume & complete what process at the time of ovulation

A

Meiosis I

80
Q

Every month a women completes ovulation without fertilization results in disintegration of the _____ _____ from the ovary.

A

secondary oocyte (n)

81
Q

At completion of Meiosis I, results in one _____ _____ & one ____ _____.

A

secondary oocyte (n) & polar body (n)

82
Q

Chromosomes are distributed between both secondary oocyte & polar body. The polar body will then disintegrate and the secondary oocyte (n) will start what?

A

Meiosis II

83
Q

The ____ ____ will stimulate the release of the secondary oocyte from the ovary.

A

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

84
Q

If ovulation results in fertilization the _____ _____ will complete Meiosis II and form what?

A

secondary oocyte;

second polar body & ovum

85
Q

The ovum and sperm fuse and form what?

A

zygote

86
Q

The union of one secondary oocyte and a sperm is called

A

fertilization

87
Q

Once a zygote, aka _____, is formed, all cell division is now _____.

A

Diploid; Mitosis

88
Q

Name the two sexual cycles of female reproduction

A

Ovarian Cycle

Uterine/Menstrual Cycle

89
Q

Ovulation occurs on the ____ day in a 28 day cycle

A

14th

90
Q

Ovarian cycle has three phases, name them in order.

A

Follicular
Ovulation
Luteal

91
Q

The follicular phase duration

A

Day 1 to Day 13

92
Q

FSH stimulates growth of _____ & Secretion of _____.

A

Growth of follicles & secretion of Estrogen

93
Q

Menstruation duration

A

during first 3-5 days of cycle

94
Q

Describe what happens during Ovulation

A

rupture of the mature follicle & release of its egg (secondary oocyte)

95
Q

Estrogen stimulates a surge of ____ by the anterior pituitary gland.

A

LH

96
Q

LH induces completion of ______ & production of the _____ ____

A

Meiosis I

Secondary Oocyte

97
Q

Luteal phase duration

A

Day 15 to Day 28

98
Q

Once the secondary Oocyte ruptures and becomes an ovum during the completion of Meiosis II the follicle will remain and transition into what?

A

Corpus Luteum

99
Q

What hormone stimulates and maintains the corpus luteum and the concentration of _____ & _____ rises

A

LH;

Estrogen & progesterone

100
Q

If fertilization does not occur the corpus luteum will shrink and become _____ _____.

A

Corpus Albicans

101
Q

Name the 4 phases of the Menstrual cycle

PPMS

A

Proliferative Phase
Premenstrual phase
Menstrual Phase
Secretory Phase

102
Q

The functional layer of the endometrium has slowly started to build the ______ ______ under the influence of estrogen, what phase is this?

A

stratum functionalis

Proliferative Phase

103
Q

How long does the proliferative phase last

A

day 6-14

104
Q

In what phase is the functional layer fully developed & ready to receive an egg?

A

Secretory phase

105
Q

The _____ _____ secretes progesterone which further thickens the uterine wall

A

Corpus luteum

106
Q

If the egg is not fertilized, the functional layer starts to break down. This phase is called

A

Premenstrual phase

107
Q

When does the Premenstrual happen in the cycle?

A

last two days

108
Q

What phase occurs with the discharge of menstrual fluid & how long does it last?

A

Menstrual phase; 5 days

109
Q

The _____ _____ is shedding & rebuilding the endometrium

A

menstrual cycle

110
Q

If no implantation occurs then 14 days after ovulation, the functional layer disintegrates and will be discharged as what?

This phenomenon is cause by a drop in _____ & ______.

A

50-150ml of blood, tissue fluid, cells

Estrogen & progesterone

111
Q

What is the basic hierarchy of hormone control in the female sexual cycle?

A

Hypothalamus&raquo_space; Anterior Pituitary (FSH & LH)&raquo_space; ovaries (estrogen & progesterone)&raquo_space; uterus

Anatomy & Physiology (18 decks)

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