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Anatomy & Physiology > Module 14: Endocrine System > Flashcards

Module 14: Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Exocrine glands use ____ to transport products, where as the Endocrine glands use the _____ _____.

A

ducts; blood supply

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2
Q

Hormone-receptor Complex

A

hormone targets a specific site & matching receptor (lock & key)

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3
Q

In the Endocrine System, _____ are the primary organs

A

glands

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4
Q

The hypothalamus is both an _____ _____ & _____ ____.

A

endocrine gland & nervous tissue

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5
Q

Hypothalamus produces two hormones. What are they are where are they stored?

A

Oxytocin & antidiuretic hormone; stored in the PPG

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6
Q

the ________ is the first place that we encounter Tropic hormones

A

hypothalamus

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7
Q

Tropic Hormones

A

released by an endocrine gland & stimulate another gland to produce & release their specific hormones

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8
Q

The ______ gland is stimulated by the hypothalamus and is connected by a stalk called _______.

A

pituitary; infundibulum

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9
Q

The Anterior Pituitary gland releases what 6 hormones? (P.T. FLAG)

A 
Prolactin
TSH
FSH
Luteinizing Hormone
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Growth Hormone
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10
Q

Which hormones are considered Tropic Hormones? (FLAT)

A

FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH

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11
Q

Posterior pituitary gland (PPG) releases what hormones

A

Oxytocin & Antidiuretic Hormone

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12
Q

Anterior Pituitary gland is stimulated by _______ released from the hypothalamus

A

Hormones

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13
Q

Posterior pituitary gland (PPG) is stimulated by _____ ______ to released stored hormones

A

Nerve impulses

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14
Q

The thyroid is an H-shaped gland with two outer lobes, connected by a cross section called

A

Isthmus

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15
Q

Located within the thyroid are _____ & _____.

A

Follicles & Colloid

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16
Q

Follicles of the thyroid ______ hormones & the Colloid _____ hormones

A

Produce; Stores

17
Q

Thyroid Follicle structure & tissue type

A

sac-like structure; simple cuboidal

18
Q

Parafollicular cells: location & produce what?

A

found between follicles & produce Calcitonin

19
Q

Parathyroid glands: Structure and location

A

4 small glands on posterior side of thyroid

20
Q

Adrenal glands are surrounded by what? And broken into what two sections?

A

fibrous capsule; medulla & cortex

21
Q

Adrenal cortex produces what 3 hormones? (ACA)

A

Aldosterone
Cortisol
Androgens

22
Q

Aldosterone is produced in what sub-section of the adrenal cortex & regulates what?

A

outer zone called Zona Glomerulosa; electrolytes

23
Q

Cortisol is produced in what sub-section of the adrenal cortex & regulates what?

A

Middle zone called Zona Fasciculata; metabolism & glucose

24
Q

Glucose production is called

A

Gluconeogenesis

25
Q

Androgens are produced in what sub-section of the adrenal cortex?

A

inner zone called Zona Reticularis

26
Q

Epinephrine & Norepinephrine are responsible for 5 main functions: (G.G. I-hbp)

A 
Gluconeogenesis
Glycogenolysis - breakdown of glycogen
Increased: heart rate
                   blood flow to muscles
                   pulmonary ventilation
27
Q

Pancreas is both an ______ & _____ gland

A

exocrine & endocrine

28
Q

What cells of the pancreas produce pancreatic juices & digestive enzymes?

A

Acinar cells

29
Q

Pancreas endocrine functions have a primary hormone producer called

A

pancreatic Islet cells

30
Q

There are two types of pancreatic Islet cells, name them & what they produce

A

Beta cells produce insulin

Alpha cells produce glucagon

31
Q

What promotes glucose storage by stimulating formation of glycogen?

A

insulin

32
Q

In response to hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), _____ cells produce insulin & stimulates the _____ & ______ muscles to absorb ______ to lower blood sugar levels

A

Beta cells
Liver & Skeletal muscles
glucose

33
Q

In response to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), ______ increases blood glucose by stimulating ________ & _______ glucose from the liver & skeletal muscles.

A

Glucagon
Glycogenesis
Releasing

Anatomy & Physiology (18 decks)

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