Module 14: Endocrine System Flashcards
Exocrine glands use ____ to transport products, where as the Endocrine glands use the _____ _____.
ducts; blood supply
Hormone-receptor Complex
hormone targets a specific site & matching receptor (lock & key)
In the Endocrine System, _____ are the primary organs
glands
The hypothalamus is both an _____ _____ & _____ ____.
endocrine gland & nervous tissue
Hypothalamus produces two hormones. What are they are where are they stored?
Oxytocin & antidiuretic hormone; stored in the PPG
the ________ is the first place that we encounter Tropic hormones
hypothalamus
Tropic Hormones
released by an endocrine gland & stimulate another gland to produce & release their specific hormones
The ______ gland is stimulated by the hypothalamus and is connected by a stalk called _______.
pituitary; infundibulum
The Anterior Pituitary gland releases what 6 hormones? (P.T. FLAG)
Prolactin TSH FSH Luteinizing Hormone Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Growth Hormone
Which hormones are considered Tropic Hormones? (FLAT)
FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH
Posterior pituitary gland (PPG) releases what hormones
Oxytocin & Antidiuretic Hormone
Anterior Pituitary gland is stimulated by _______ released from the hypothalamus
Hormones
Posterior pituitary gland (PPG) is stimulated by _____ ______ to released stored hormones
Nerve impulses
The thyroid is an H-shaped gland with two outer lobes, connected by a cross section called
Isthmus
Located within the thyroid are _____ & _____.
Follicles & Colloid
Follicles of the thyroid ______ hormones & the Colloid _____ hormones
Produce; Stores
Thyroid Follicle structure & tissue type
sac-like structure; simple cuboidal
Parafollicular cells: location & produce what?
found between follicles & produce Calcitonin
Parathyroid glands: Structure and location
4 small glands on posterior side of thyroid
Adrenal glands are surrounded by what? And broken into what two sections?
fibrous capsule; medulla & cortex
Adrenal cortex produces what 3 hormones? (ACA)
Aldosterone
Cortisol
Androgens
Aldosterone is produced in what sub-section of the adrenal cortex & regulates what?
outer zone called Zona Glomerulosa; electrolytes
Cortisol is produced in what sub-section of the adrenal cortex & regulates what?
Middle zone called Zona Fasciculata; metabolism & glucose
Glucose production is called
Gluconeogenesis
Androgens are produced in what sub-section of the adrenal cortex?
inner zone called Zona Reticularis
Epinephrine & Norepinephrine are responsible for 5 main functions: (G.G. I-hbp)
Gluconeogenesis
Glycogenolysis - breakdown of glycogen
Increased: heart rate
blood flow to muscles
pulmonary ventilationPancreas is both an ______ & _____ gland
exocrine & endocrine
What cells of the pancreas produce pancreatic juices & digestive enzymes?
Acinar cells
Pancreas endocrine functions have a primary hormone producer called
pancreatic Islet cells
There are two types of pancreatic Islet cells, name them & what they produce
Beta cells produce insulin
Alpha cells produce glucagon
What promotes glucose storage by stimulating formation of glycogen?
insulin
In response to hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), _____ cells produce insulin & stimulates the _____ & ______ muscles to absorb ______ to lower blood sugar levels
Beta cells
Liver & Skeletal muscles
glucose
In response to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), ______ increases blood glucose by stimulating ________ & _______ glucose from the liver & skeletal muscles.
Glucagon
Glycogenesis
Releasing
