Module 7: Joints Flashcards
Define Joint
any point where two bones meet or interact; aka articulations
Name the 4 classes of joints
Bony
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
Bony Joints
occur when 2 bones fuse & become one bone
Range of motion allowed at a bony joint, the term used is _______ which means no movement occurs between bones
Synostosis
Synostosis is seen in what specific bones
Mandible & Frontal bone
Fibrous Joint
bound by collagen fibers; allow for very little movement aka Synarthrosis
Define Synarthrosis & type of joint where this occurs
very little movement occurs; seen in Fibrous joints
Name the 3 types of Fibrous Joints
Suture, Gomphosis, Syndesmosis
Suture
Fibrous joint between cranial bones
Gomphosis
Fibrous joint between tooth and mandible or maxilla
Syndesmosis
longer fibers allow for slightly more movement; fibers that hold two bones next to each other (ex/ ulna & radius)
Cartilaginous Joint
bones linked by cartilage; provides moderate movement aka amphiarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
moderate movement of a joint; seen in Cartilaginous joints
Name the two types of Cartilaginous Joints
Synchondrosis & Symphysis
Synchondrosis
Cartilaginous Joint; bound by Hyaline cartilage
ex/ joints in children between diaphysis & epiphysis
Symphsis
bones bound by fibrocartilage
ex/ pubis symphysis & intervertebral discs
Synovial Joints
fluid-filled cavity that connects bones; freely moveable aka diarthrosis
Diarthrosis
freely moveable; seen in Synovial joints
In Synovial Joints the space between the bones is called
Joint cavity
Joint cavity is filled with what?
Synovial Fluid
Synovial Fluid fxn
lubricates the joint and reduces friction
The synovial joint cavity is surrounded by a
Joint Capsule
Joint capsule includes:
- outer fibrous capsule - helps hold joint together & retain fluid
- inner synovial membrane - produces synovial fluid
- Articular cartilage (hyaline) on both surfaces to reduce friction
Tendons: Type of joint & attachment
occur at synovial joints; attach muscles to bone
Ligaments: Type of joint & attachment
Occur at Synovial Joints; attach bone to bone
Bursa: Type of joint, Structure & function
- Occur at synovial joints
- fibrous sacs filled with synovial fluid
- cushion bones and allow tendons to slide easily over bones
Articular Disc: Type of joint, Structure, Fxn & Example
- Occur at Synovial Joint
- fibrocartilage
- create areas of synovial fluid
- ends of clavicle; Temporomandibular joint; between ulna & carpals
Meniscus: Type of joint, structure, fxn
- occur at synovial joint
- fibrocartilage pad
- covers parts of tibia in knee joint to absorb extra force
Multiaxial Synovial Joints
can move in three axes or planes
Biaxial Synovial Joints
can move in two axes or planes
Monaxial Synovial Joints
can move in one axis or plane
Name the 6 forms of synovial joints (P.C.P.S.H.B)
Plane, Condylar, Pivot, Saddle, Hinge, Ball & Socket
Name the type of Axis a Ball & Socket joint can operate & an Example
Multiaxial; Hip & shoulder
Name the type of Axis a Condylar joint can operate & an Example
Biaxial; between metacarpals & phalanges
Name the type of Axis a Saddle joint can operate & an Example
Biaxial; between trapezoid & 1st metacarpal of thumb
Name the type of Axis a Plane joint can operate & an Example
Biaxial; carpals & tarsals
Name the type of Axis a Hinge joint can operate & an Example
Monaxial; elbow & knee
Name the type of Axis a Pivot joint can operate & an Example
Monaxial; head of radius
Name the joint terms of movement in order from from no movement to the most movement.
Synostoses
Synarthroses
Amphiarthroses
Diarthroses
