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Anatomy & Physiology > Module 6 - Integumentary System > Flashcards

Module 6 - Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Cutaneous Membrane

A

aka Skin; largest heaviest organ; Consists of two layer - epidermis & dermis

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2
Q

What tissue is the epidermis made up of

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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3
Q

What tissue is the dermis made up of

A

Connective Tissue

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4
Q

Subcutaneous membrane

A

aka Hypodermis; below dermis; consists of connective tissue

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5
Q

Functions of skin

A 
Resistance to trauma & infection
Barrier functions
Vitamin D Synthesis
Sensation
Thermoregulation
Nonverbal Communication
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6
Q

Epithelium

A

densely packed cells (keratinocytes) and proteins (keratin). Acidic and dry

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7
Q

Characteristics of Epidermis

A

Dead cells at surface packed with keratin
Avascular - lacks blood vessels
Depends on diffusion nutrients
Contains nerve endings for touch & pain

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8
Q

List the layers of the Epidermis - Deep to Superficial

A 
Stratum Basale
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Corneum
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9
Q

Stratum Basale: Fxn & Cells Found here

A

Site for new skin production;

Composed of stem cells that divide and become keratinocytes, Melanocytes and Tactile Cells

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10
Q

Melanocytes

A

produce melanin which absorbs UV light

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11
Q

Tactile Cells

A

attached to neurons in underlying dermis and allow for sensation

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12
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A

thickest layer except for thick skin; consists of keratinocytes and dendritic cells

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13
Q

Dendritic Cells

A

type of WBCs patrol skin looking for invaders

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14
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A

consists of 3-5 layers of keratinocytes; Keratin is produced creating a waterproof barrier

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15
Q

Why do Keratinocytes die off as they move toward the surface

A

as they move away from the stratum Basale they lack the oxygen needed

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16
Q

Stratum Lucidum

A

found only in think skin; soles of feet and palms; Keratinocytes densely packed with keratinocytes

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17
Q

Stratum Corneum

A

30+ layers of dead keratinocytes and keratin; resistant to abrasion and water loss

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18
Q

How long does it take for keratinocytes to make its way to the surface?

A

30-40 days

19
Q

The distinct line between the dermis and epidermis is formed by what?

A

Dermal Papillae & epidermal ridges; working like finger projections that lock together to prevent slipping

20
Q

Name the two layers of the dermis

A

Papillary & reticular layer

21
Q

Papillary Layer

A

Layer of Dermis: thin layer near dermal papillae consisting of areolar loose CT and blood vessels

22
Q

Reticular Layer

A

Layer of Dermis; thick layer deep to papillary layer; consists of dense irregular CT.

23
Q

What Layer contains glands, hair & follicles?

A

Dermis

24
Q

Hypodermis

A

aka subcutaneous membrane; Vascular; binds underlying tissue, consists of more areolar and adipose tissue

25
Q

Fxn of Hypodermis

A

padding body to provide cushion & thermoregulation

26
Q

List the parts of a Hair

A

Follicle, Bulb, Root and Shaft

27
Q

Hair Follicle

A

hollow tube where hair grows

28
Q

Hair Bulb

A

base of hair - only portion that contains living hair cells

29
Q

Hair Root

A

remaining portion of hair follicle

30
Q

Hair Shaft

A

portion of hair that is exposed on surface

31
Q

Nail: Description & Parts

A

extension of stratum corneum; Nail plate, Nail root, Nail matrix

32
Q

Nail Plate

A

visible portion

33
Q

Nail Root

A

embedded under skin

34
Q

Nail Matrix

A

consists of stratum basale and is site of nail growth

35
Q

What are the two types of glands in our bodies

A

Endocrine & Exocrine glands

36
Q

Endocrine Glands

A

use the bloodstream to transport hormones throughout the body

37
Q

Exocrine Glands

A

use ducts to transport products

38
Q

Name the 4 types of Exocrine glands and any sub-types included within the categories

A

Sweat Glands - two types: Merocrine & Apocrine
Sebaceous Glands
Ceruminous Glands
Mammary Glands

39
Q

What layer of the skin are sweat glands located?

A

found in dermis

40
Q

Merocrine Glands

A

Sweat gland; most abundant and found in dermis; produce watery perspiration for temp regulation & waste removal. Ducts lead to sweat pores

41
Q

Apocrine Glands

A

Sweat gland; found in groin, axilla, areola regions; develop at puberty; ducts lead to hair follicles, act as scent glands stimulated by stress and sexual stimulation

42
Q

Sebaceous Glands

A

produce oily substance called sebum; keeps skin from becoming dry; ducts open into hair follicle & skin surface

43
Q

Ceruminous Glands

A

found in external ear canal; produce cerumen (ear wax); ducts lead to skin surface; waterproofs ear canal and keeps ear pliable

44
Q

Mammary Glands

A

located in breasts and produce milk

Anatomy & Physiology (18 decks)

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