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Anatomy & Physiology > Module 7: Skeletal System > Flashcards

Module 7: Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Name the functions of the Skeletal System (P.B.E.A.M.S)

A
  • Protection
  • Blood Formation
  • Electrolyte Balance
  • Acid-Base Balance
  • Movement
  • Support
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2
Q

To balance electrolytes, bone store and release ___ & ____ ions

A

Calcium & Potassium Ions

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3
Q

To balance Acid-Bases bone buffers blood or maintains neutral pH by what means?

A

absorbing or releasing phosphate or carbonate salts

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4
Q

Bone matrix is composed of

A

1/3 organic & 2/3 inorganic

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5
Q

organic matrix is made of

A

collagen

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6
Q

inorganic matrix is made of

A

hydroxyapatite

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7
Q

hydroxyapatite - Structure & Fxn

A

crystallized salt made up of calcium & phosphate; provides strength to tissue

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8
Q

If bone did not have organic matrix this would cause bone to be

A

very brittle & fragile; Hydroxyapatite crystals would fracture

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9
Q

If bone did not have Hydroxyapatite this would cause bone to be

A

rubbery & have no strength

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10
Q

Name 4 types of Bone cells

A

Osteogenic Cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

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11
Q

Osteogenic Cells: fxn & location

A

stem cells found in endosteum & inner layer of periosteum

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12
Q

Osteoblasts

A
  • derived from osteogenic cells
  • nonmitotic (cannot reproduce themselves)
  • bone forming
  • produce organic bone tissue
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13
Q

______ remove calcium from bloodstream to build bone matrix, which lowers blood calcium levels

A

Osteoblasts

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14
Q

Osteocytes

A
  • mature osteoblasts

- maintains homeostasis of bone material

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15
Q

Osteoclasts

A
  • arise from fusion of 4 stem cells
  • found on bone surface, has ruffled borders which increase surface area
  • release hydrochloric acid returning calcium & phosphate into blood
  • increasing calcium levels
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16
Q

Bone is formed by two types of tissue

A

Spongy & Compact Bone

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17
Q

Compact Bone

A

for weight bearing; formed by combining osteon

18
Q

Osteon’s central & perforating canals contain

A

blood vessels & nerves

19
Q

Lacunae

A

on edges of lamellae; tiny cavities contain osteocytes

20
Q

Canaliculi

A

slender channels & allow osteocytes to communicate with one another

21
Q

Spongy Bone

A

lattice of rods, spines & projections of bone

22
Q

Osteons include … Name structures

A

Central Canal, Perforating Canal, Lamellae, Lacunae

23
Q

Spicules

A

Spike & projections that stick out into cavity of spongy bone

24
Q

Trabeculae: Structure & Features

A

form thin, plate-like structure; contain lamellae, no central canal

25
Q

Spaces between Trabeculae are filled with____

A

Bone Marrow

26
Q

____ ____ develops along lines of stress, disperses stress & pressure which allows for strength without weight

A

Spongy Bone

27
Q

Long Bones

A
  • longer than wide, work as levers
  • used for movement, blood production & storage
  • Ex(s) arms, legs, bones in hands & feet
28
Q

Short Bones

A
  • equal in length & width
  • limited motion
  • Ex(s) wrists & ankles
29
Q

Flat Bones

A
  • enclose, protects, and provides broad surface for muscle attachments
  • Ex(s) cranial bones, ribs, sternum, scapula
30
Q

Irregular Bones

A

vertebra of spinal column & sphenoid in cranium

31
Q

Long Bone Anatomy: Epiphysis

A

ends of bone where they articulate, form joints with other bones

32
Q

Long Bone Anatomy: Diaphysis

A

Shaft / middle of bone; forms walls of medullary cavity

33
Q

Long Bone Anatomy: Medullary Cavity

A

aka Marrow cavity; contains bone marrow (red & yellow)

34
Q

Long Bone Anatomy: Periosteum

A
  • fibrous tissue covering/attaching to bone surface
  • provides strength / anchors attaching muscles & tendons
  • contains 2 layers:
    outer layer made of thin collagen fibers
    inner layer bone tissue forming cells
35
Q

Long Bone Anatomy: Endosteum

A

thin layer of reticular connective tissue; lines medullary cavity

36
Q

Long Bone Anatomy: Metaphysis Plate

A

aka Epiphyseal plate; connection between epiphysis & diaphysis
- made of hyaline cartilage in juveniles

37
Q

Long Bone Anatomy: Articular Cartilage

A
  • made of hyaline cartilage
  • covers surface of epiphysis
  • reduces friction to allow for smooth movement
38
Q

Process of Ossification

A

bone growth; two types - Intramembranous & Endochondral

39
Q

Intramembranous Ossification

A

produces flat bones; within membrane of mesenchyme

40
Q

Endochondral Ossification

A
  • produces long bones, ribs, vertebra, etc..

- develops from cartilage converted to osseous tissue

Anatomy & Physiology (18 decks)

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