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Anatomy & Physiology > Module 5 - Tissues (Histology) > Flashcards

Module 5 - Tissues (Histology) Flashcards

1
Q

Composition of Tissues

A

Cells and Matrix

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2
Q

Matrix

A

non-living extracellular material composed of fibrous proteins & ground substance

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3
Q

Ground substance contains what?

WGMNH

A

contains water, gases, minerals, nutrients, hormones

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4
Q

Types of Tissues

A

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous

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5
Q

Epithelial Tissue: location & characteristics

A

lines surfaces;
avascular - no blood supply;
Highly mitotic;
cells close together with very little matrix visible

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6
Q

What tissue type covers organ surfaces and form glands

A

Epithelial Tissue

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7
Q

Basement Membrane

A

deepest layer of large complex molecules between epithelial and under lying tissue; Helps anchors tissue

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8
Q

Apical Surface

A

superficial to basement membrane

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9
Q

Functions of Epithelial Tissue

PSEAFS

A 
Protection
Secretion
Excretion
Absorption
Filtration
Sensation
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10
Q

Cell Classification: Simple

A

single layer; every cell anchored to basement membrane

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11
Q

Cell Classification: Stratified

A

2-20 layers; deepest layer anchored to BM, others rest on top

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12
Q

Cell Classification: Pseudostratified Columnar

A

not all cells reach surface but all cells reach BM; often have goblet cells

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13
Q

Cell Classification: Transitional

A

vary in shape depending on whether the tissue is compressed

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14
Q

Connective Tissue

A

Most abundant; Vascular;

composed of matrix (protein fibers & ground substance)

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15
Q

Types of Connective Tissue

FATLCBB

A

Fibrous tissue, adipose tissue, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, bone, blood

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16
Q

Fibroblasts

A

produce fibers & ground substance that form matrix

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17
Q

Macrophages

A

specialized WBC that ingest and get rid of particles

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18
Q

Functions of Connective Tissue

BPSI-METH

A 
Binding of organs
Protection
Support
Immunity 
Movement
Energy Storage
Transportation
Heat Production
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19
Q

Mast Cells: Location, Secretes ?, Regulates ?

A

found along blood vessels; secrete hormones; regulate blood flow & Clotting

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20
Q

Leukocytes

A

WBCs; protection

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21
Q

Plasma cells

A

specialized WBCs; Immunity

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22
Q

Adipocytes

A

Fat storing cells

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23
Q

3 Forms of Fibers within a matrix

A

Collagenous, Reticular, Elastic

24
Q

Collagenous

A

made of collagen proteins; most abundant protein in body

25
Q

Reticular

A

thin collagen fibers, often form sponge-like lattice

26
Q

Elastic

A

composed of elastin; capable of stretching & recoiling

27
Q

Areolar C.T

A

loose arrangement of collagenous and elastic fibers; found in blood vessels & nerves

28
Q

Reticular CT: structure & location

A

loose arrangement of reticular fibers and lymphocytes;

Found in lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow

29
Q

Dense Regular CT

A

collagen & elastic fibers;
organized wavy-parallel pattern;
Found in ligaments and tendons

30
Q

Dense Irregular CT

A

collagen fibers not organized; found in Dermis of skin

31
Q

Adipose Tissue: Structure & Fxn

A 
closely-packed adipocytes; 
Store triglycerides providing: 
   - energy
   - insulation
   - cushioning
32
Q

Cartilage: structure, cellular composition, unique attribute

A

stiff, rubbery matrix;
composed of Chondrocytes;
only CT that is avascular

33
Q

Three Types of Cartilage

A

Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrocartilage

34
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

glassy-like appearance; fine collagen fibers found in trachea and larynx ; reduces friction

35
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

composed of elastin & collagen fibers; found in external ear & throat

36
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

coarse collagen fibers; tough; found in vertebral discs, knee joints and pubis symphyses

37
Q

Bone Tissues: Cellular composition & Fxn (S.L.S.P)

A 
contains Osteocytes; 
Fxn in:
 - support
 - leverage for muscle movement
 - storage of minerals
 - protect internal organs
38
Q

Blood

A

liquid matrix surrounding formed elements; aids in protection & antibodies

39
Q

Formed Elements

A

RBCs, WBCs, Platelets

40
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

transmit electrical signals; contains neurons and neuroglia cells; found in brain, spinal cord, nerves

41
Q

Neurons

A

highly excitable transmit signals

42
Q

Neurogila Cells

A

supports neurons

43
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

causes movement, contains Myocytes; found in muscles (skeletal), heart (Cardiac), and internal organs (smooth)

44
Q

Myocytes

A

elongated and highly excitable; contract when excited leading to movements

45
Q

Name the 3 Types of Muscle Tissue

A

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth

46
Q

Glands

A

Cells or organs that secrete substances for secretion and excretion

47
Q

Exocrine Glands

A

tube-like ducts to secrete and excrete products; found in sweat glands and salivary glands

48
Q

Endocrine Glands

A

secrete hormones into bloodstream for transport

49
Q

Membrane: Describe and Name the 5 types (M.S.S.E.C)

A

flat sheet or layer made up of tissues; Mucous, Serous, Synovial, Endothelium, Cutaneous

50
Q

Mucous Membrane

A

lines passages that open to exterior of body; contains Goblet Cells; composed of epithelium, areolar and smooth muscle; Examples - digestive, respiratory, reproductive

51
Q

Serous Membrane

A

Simple squamous epithelial; produces serous (watery) fluid; found on organs and lines cavities

52
Q

Synovial Membrane

A

composed of connective tissue, associated with joints; secretes synovial fluid which helps protect and lubricate joints

53
Q

Endothelium

A

lines vessels of circulatory system; composed of simple squamous epithelial tissue and areolar CT; exchange nutrients and gases from blood

54
Q

Cutaneous Membrane

A

aka skin

55
Q

Goblet cells

A

Produce mucus

Anatomy & Physiology (18 decks)

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