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AP Psychology > Module 5: Tools of Discovery and Older Brain Structures > Flashcards

Module 5: Tools of Discovery and Older Brain Structures Flashcards

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1
Q

True/false:
the brain is CONTRALETERLA (left hemisphere controls right, right controls left)

A

trueeee

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2
Q

lesion definition

A

damage to brain tissue

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3
Q

define sparse coding

A

about 16% of the brain works at any specific given time, as to not blow up our brain with the amount of energy used by a 100% neuron firing event, insteading using the 100% over TIME

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4
Q

True/false:
multitasking is, like, not really possble (you just use less brain effort for each individual task)

A

true

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5
Q

what are “older brain structures?”

A
  1. structures of the brain whose purposes we discovered first
  2. the parts of the brain which keep us alive unconsciously
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6
Q

Who was Phineas Gage? What did his incident teach us?

A

a railway foreman who had a 4 foot rail shoot straight through his brain, separating his frontal lobe

  1. different parts of the brain = different functions
  2. severed neurons do not regenerate, and damage often manifests itself psychologically
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7
Q

True/false:
our brain processes most information outside of our awareness

A

true

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8
Q

Brain stem

A
  1. CROSSOVER POINT - central core of the brain and automatic brain, performs survival functions and is middle man of brain and body, where the right and left sides CROSS OVER to control the opposite sides
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9
Q

Cerebellum

A

“little brain,” learning without speech, helps coordinate ALL voluntary movements, primarily stuff with MOVEMENT AND BALANCE

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10
Q

Medulla

A

bottom of brain stem that does stuff with heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing

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11
Q

pons

A

Signal messenger, linking Medulla and THalamus, good catch–all for involving basically everything that’s INVOLUNTARY

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12
Q

reticular formation

A

nerve network that helps control informationn, filtering and relaying incoming info. responsible for LEVELS OF CONSCIOUSNESS

  • INPUT FOR THE SPINAL CORD
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13
Q

THalamus

A

sensory switchboard for every sense except smell, relays messages to cerebral cortex (how you interpret something), higher functions to and fro

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14
Q

limbic system

A

FOUR FS
1. fighting
2. feeding
3. fleeing
4. fu-
fear, aggression, motivation like hunger and lust
contains: hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus

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15
Q

Amygdala

A

Amygdala - FIGHT OR FLIGHT (A-FF) (but not the only thing that causes the reaction, brain is not in neat separated structures with separate roles)
you have two of them (fear and loathing in my amygdalas)

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16
Q

Hypothalamus

A

hypo(below)thalamus
MAINTENANCE - eating, drinking, homeostasis, sexual behavior
governs endocrine system via control of the king/master gland

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17
Q

pituitary gland

A

CATCHALL OF GLANDS
growth, blood rpessure, metabolism, pain relief, regulators, sex organ development and maturity, aspects of pregnancy and breast milk, thyroi gland, blah blah blah

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18
Q

Hippocampus

A

creates/consolidates short and long term memory (also navigates in space) (remembering how to get from school to home and alternate routes, and how to parallel park)

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19
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

intricate thing fabric of neural cells covering cerebral hemispheres, ULTIMATE output and input processing

23 billion neurons, supported by 9x as many glial cells

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20
Q

frontal lobe - prefrontal cortex

A

speaking, muscle movement, PLANS AND JUDGEMENTS, new memory processing, parts of personality

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21
Q

frontal lobe - motor cortex

A

voluntary stuff, invluding muscle memory

while motor cortex also does movement, the cerebellum is more precise (motor cortex = more the intention to raise left or right hand, whereas cerebellum is the DEGREE and PRECISION of the movement)

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22
Q

Broca’s area

A

speech - outward, left brain

23
Q

Parietal Lobes

A
  1. Sensory cortex,
  2. math and spacial reasoning, receives touch and body position info
24
Q

parietal lobe - sensory cortex

A

REGISTERS and PROCESSES incoming sensory info, more sensitive = more of cortex area devoted

25
Q

Occipital lobes

A

visual info reception from opposite visual field (like that inverted light diagram thing that isn’t accurate but comes to the same conclusion)

26
Q

occipital lobes - visual cortex

A

receives/interprets WRITING as visual stimulation, like the dictionary for reading different language s

27
Q

Temporal lobes

A

Auditory and PARTS of face recognition areas, receives audio from opposite ears

28
Q

Temporal lobes - auditory cortex

A

low and high hearing functions (quiet vs. loud, siren vs someone talking)

29
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

UNDERSTANDING AND COMPREHENDING speech, besties with broca’s area, left temporal lobe

30
Q

Angular Gyrus

A

bunch o stuff with language, numerical processing, understanding of space, actually going back and retrieving memories, attention, and understanding that other people’s thoughts and beliefs might be different than us

31
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

CONNECIVE tissue between hemispheres, CARRIES messages (CC-CC)

32
Q

epilepsy

A

somone with a seizure disorder (brain reboots when neurons malfunction and fire, could be unnoticeable or an exponentially growing amount of malfunctioning neurons causing convulsions in a “hard reboot” of the brain)

33
Q

Split brain

A

someone has so many seizures their quality of life is better if we cut out the corpus callosum

34
Q

Aphasia

A

degenerative brain conditiion, speech, memory, and fine motor skills = weak

caused by:
brocas and/or wernicke’s area damage

35
Q

nucleus accumbens

A

in front of hypothalamus, anither limbic system reward center

36
Q

True/false:
we associate images we conjured during a high/low dopamine state negatively/positively based on the state even after returning to regular levels

A

true

37
Q

True/false:
every brain structure above the brain stem comes in pairs

A

true

38
Q

why do we have wrinkled brains?

A

to increase the surface area of the cerebral cortex and maximize cerebral capacity

39
Q

glial cells

A

“glue cells,” or “worker bees,” nutrients and myelin, guide connections, and clean up ions and neurotransmitters of neurons

also help with learning and thinking general

Higher glia:neuron proportions = more complex animal

40
Q

True/false:
3/4 of the brain’s cerebral cortex layer are association areas, and cannot be electrically mapped due to lack of response

A

fax

41
Q

association areas

A

3/4 of the brain, primarily the thoughts of higher consciousness that make us human, relating past memories to different receptors and sensory areas

42
Q

true/false:
the brain cant really do much to fix brain damage, but CAN rearrange itself to compensate.

A

true, this is a phenomenon called neural plasticity

43
Q

true/false:
the brain can self-repair by producing new brain cells to a LIMITED DEGREE

A

true, process called neurogenesis

44
Q

true/false
split brained people have literally two minds, with the left one as the only one with a mouth, and thus causing it to react to the right brain’s actions with dramatic rationalizing and coping

A

true

45
Q

when did phineas gage oops daisy

A

1848

46
Q

parts of the limbic system:

A

hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, pituitary gland

47
Q

order the following areas of the brain from oldest/most unconscious to youngest/most high-order-functioning: brain stem, limbic system, cerebral cortex

A

brain stem, limbic system, cerebral cortex

48
Q

true/false: the two cerebral hemispheres = 85% of brain mass.

Also

what do they do?

A

true

and

are the primary contributors to the higher functions of thinking, sensing, and voluntary action such as speaking

49
Q

parts of the frontal lobes

A

motor cortex

50
Q

parts of the temporal lobes

A
51
Q

parts of the parietal lobes

A

sensory cortex

52
Q

parts of the occipital lobes

A
53
Q

sympathetic vs. parasympathetic nervous systems

A

AP Psychology (45 decks)

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