mod 22 - effects of biology and cognition, and learning by observation

Question 1

how do biological constraints affect classical and operant conditioning?

Answer 1

brain activity causes intensely social nature

Question 2

how do cognitive processes affect conditionings

Answer 2

CLASSICAL -
1. COGNITIVE: organisms develop expctation that CS means US comes
2. BIOLOGICAL: natural restrictions on what stimuli and responses can be easily associated (we more readily associate food with sickness than the sight of a plate at the restaurant we got the food from)

OPERANT -
1. COGNITIVE: Organisms get expecation that response = reinforced or punished, exhibiting latent learning w/o reinforcement
2. BIOLOGICAL: organisms best learn behaviors similar to natural ones, unnatural ones drift towards natural

Question 3

cognitive learning

Answer 3

acquire mental information via observing events, watching others, or language

Question 4

cognitive map

Answer 4

mental projection of ones environment

Question 5

latent learning

Answer 5

learning occurs but not present until like a test or smth to domonstrate it

Question 6

intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivation

Answer 6

behavior because of the gratification of behavior itself vs. motivation for promised rewards/avoid punishment (OTHER PEOPLE)

Question 7

observational learning

Answer 7

observe others and you learn

Question 8

modeling

Answer 8

process of observation and imitation a specific behavior

Question 9

mirror neurons

Answer 9

frontal lobe neurons which fire when doing smth or SEEING SOMEONE ELSE DOING SMTH (bobo doll)
- side effects include: imitation and empathy

Question 10

prosocial behavior

Answer 10

positive, constructive, helpful behavior (opposite of antisocial)

Question 11

overjustification effect

Answer 11

turning intrinsic motivation extrinsive, hobby —> work —-> now depression

Question 12

what age do we start imitating new play behaviors? what age do we imitate tv?

Answer 12

9 months and 14 months

Question 13

social learning theory and 3 concepts:

Answer 13

1. people learn thru ovservation
2. internal mental processes are ESSENTIAL PART OF THIS (self-efficacy/self-belief)
3. learned does NOT equal change in behavior

Question 14

taste aversion

Answer 14

very common form of response, taste food and if sick avoid it

Question 15

predictability of association (IMPORTANCE OF MENTAL PROCESSES)

Answer 15

if you get shocked at a tone and the light occurs before tone, youre not gonna be scared of the light nearly as much as tone because the tone is a better predictor of it, occuring right before the shock

Question 16

true/false: 2-5 year old humans often overimitate

Answer 16

true, they do ALL actions, necessary or not, that adults do

Question 17

theory of mind

Answer 17

ability to infer another’s mental state

Question 18

true/false: models are always effective

Answer 18

false, they are most effective when their actions and words are consistent

Question 19

prosocial vs. antisocial behavior

Answer 19

constructive behavior (positve/helpful) vs. not that