mod 17 (and pages 89-90): sensation and perception Flashcards
define sensation vs. perception
process of sensory receptors and nervous system take in and represent raw stimulus energy vs. processing and representation of reality (raw vs. real)
define transduction
3 S’s, sight, sound, smell, energy from sensation —> interpretation
bottom up vs. top down processing
detail-by-detail (whats actually there) vs. contextual/experiential/assumption/emotion/motivation processing, filling in gaps
Absolute threshhold
51%
signal detection theory
war - more signal sensitivity, much lower absolute threshold
what is stimuli below your threshold called
subliminal stimuli, PRIMES your response with unnoticed stimuli that only your unconscious sees
brain scanning vs. synchronized activity
unconscious vs. long enough/big enough stimulus to be conscious
difference threshold
just barely see difference 51% if time
webers (think weight) law
two stimuli are sensed as different via PROPORTION/PERCENTAGE (8% lights, 2% weight, etc.), not an ABSOLUTE NUMBER (must be 2 lbs or more of difference)
Sensory adaptation
noseblind, nerve cells fire less in response to same stimulus voer and over
are our eyes always m oving
yes
you will stop seeing things and images will disappear and reappaear if your eyes stayed still
fax
perceptual set
assumptions/experiences/context that changes what we see (old vs. young woman in that one pictrue)
the stuff we fill in with our own brains CONTEXt and EXPERIENCE in information we dont fully understand/arent familiar with
do later experiences color our past perceptions of them?
yes (see “eel is on the orange” or “eel is on the wagon” (peel vs. wheel vs. literally just an eel))
can emotion/motivation color context?
yes, sad music = you hear mourning more often than morning, that 2 miles looking real long after running a 5k, and when you desire water, it seems closer than it usually is, spouses who feel loved and appreciated = “just having a bad day” when the other is doing something bad. referees give more penalties after history of aggressive behavior
basic steps to sensory systems:
- receive stimulation from receptor cells
- transform into neural impulses
- deliver to brain
bottom up vs. top down
detail by detail whats really there to create a larger picture vs. context, experience, and assumptions fill in gaps of new thing you don’t fully understand yet
define psychophysics
the relationship between transductive senses (coffee vs. wine w/o smell sense)
selective attention
cocktail party, your perception/sight of reality is focused on one thing, misses another (cant multitask)
change blindness
change in visual stimuli goes unnoticed by observer (monkey) due to focus in other area
define JND
difference threshold
out of 11,000,000 bits of information your senses take in a second, how many do you PERCEIVE?
40 bits
choice blindness
form of change blindness, you are told you are sensing something you have a predisposition towards more/less so than another thing, yet when swapped and kept with the same labels you don’t notice a change
define pop-out stimuli
stimulus that is so strong it forces our attention and its the first thing we see (smiling face in the midst of very sad ones)
