mod 21 - operant conditioning Flashcards
true/false: organisms in operant conditioning and classical conditioning both go thru assicative learning
true, though classical forms associations between stimuli (conditioned stimuli and the unconditioned one it signals) and operant associates between their OWN ACTIONS and consequences
punishment is (short/long) term and (does/does not) work
short term, does NOT work due to that (negative reinforcement, on the other hand, is long term and DOES work in CHANGING BEHAVIOR)
operant conditioning
behavior that OPERATES on environment PRODUCES whateve rkind of consequential stimuli
law of effect/thorndikes principle
actions = good consequences? do it more!
actions = bad consequences? quit it!
skinner operant chamber/skinner box
animal presses bar/pecks at key and receives food or water as a reward, device measures rate of pressing
act out skinner’s concept of reinforcement
SKINNER = WHAT KIND OF CONDITIONING
OPERANT
pos. vs neg. reinforcement
positive = strengthens behavior (based on motivation) by presenting something (typically) positive
negative = strengthens behavior, removes thing you didnt like (NOT PUNISHMENT, in fact REMOVES punishment)
why is punishment ineffective?
because it doesnt teach you what the RIGHT behavior is like positive reinforcement does
what does bf skinner stand for
burrhus frederic skinner
shaping
reinforcers guide behavior closer and closer to desired behavior (give rat food closer and closer it gets to bar) (these are called SUCCESSIVE APPROXIMATIONS)
discriminative stimulus
signal a response as a means of testing whether an organism can recognize the difference between stimuli
primary vs. secondary reinforcers
primary: unlearned reinforced events (hungry = eat food)
conditioned/secondary: learned association w/primary reinforcers/more basic rewards (light = food, a hungry rat will work to turn on light)
negative reinforcement is not punishment (t/f)
true, negative reinforcement removes a punishing/aversive event
immediate vs. delayed reinforcers
immediate = more effective in causing reinforcement
reinforcement schedule
pattern of how a desired response will be reinforced over time
continuous reinforcement
RAPID but also RAPIDLY EXTINGUISHING reinforcement of response every time it occurs ($$$ per product made)
partial/intermittent reinforcement
reinforces response only part of the time, slower acquisiton but also far longer time for extinction than continuous (hope!) (all 4 schedules are partial reinforcement)
fixed-ratio schedule (AMOUNT)
reinforces a response only after a specified # of responses (15 sales for reward)
variable-ratio schedule (AMOUNT)
reinforces a response after an unpredictable # of responses (phones in phone holder and extra points)
fixed-inerval schedule (TIME)
reinforces only after specified time (salary)
variable-interval schedule (TIME)
reinforces response at unpredictable time intervals (boss walks in and rewards at random times if he sees you doing good work)
true/false: variable schedules produce more predictable results than fixed ones
true
true/false: interval schedules are more effective at ellicting responses than ratio ones
false, opposite
what does ss stand for
similar stimulus (NOT secondary)
