mod 21 - operant conditioning

Question 1

true/false: organisms in operant conditioning and classical conditioning both go thru assicative learning

Answer 1

true, though classical forms associations between stimuli (conditioned stimuli and the unconditioned one it signals) and operant associates between their OWN ACTIONS and consequences

Question 2

punishment is (short/long) term and (does/does not) work

Answer 2

short term, does NOT work due to that (negative reinforcement, on the other hand, is long term and DOES work in CHANGING BEHAVIOR)

Question 3

operant conditioning

Answer 3

behavior that OPERATES on environment PRODUCES whateve rkind of consequential stimuli

Question 4

law of effect/thorndikes principle

Answer 4

actions = good consequences? do it more!

actions = bad consequences? quit it!

Question 5

skinner operant chamber/skinner box

Answer 5

animal presses bar/pecks at key and receives food or water as a reward, device measures rate of pressing

act out skinner’s concept of reinforcement

Question 6

SKINNER = WHAT KIND OF CONDITIONING

Answer 6

OPERANT

Question 7

pos. vs neg. reinforcement

Answer 7

positive = strengthens behavior (based on motivation) by presenting something (typically) positive

negative = strengthens behavior, removes thing you didnt like (NOT PUNISHMENT, in fact REMOVES punishment)

Question 8

why is punishment ineffective?

Answer 8

because it doesnt teach you what the RIGHT behavior is like positive reinforcement does

Question 9

what does bf skinner stand for

Answer 9

burrhus frederic skinner

Question 10

shaping

Answer 10

reinforcers guide behavior closer and closer to desired behavior (give rat food closer and closer it gets to bar) (these are called SUCCESSIVE APPROXIMATIONS)

Question 11

discriminative stimulus

Answer 11

signal a response as a means of testing whether an organism can recognize the difference between stimuli

Question 12

primary vs. secondary reinforcers

Answer 12

primary: unlearned reinforced events (hungry = eat food)

conditioned/secondary: learned association w/primary reinforcers/more basic rewards (light = food, a hungry rat will work to turn on light)

Question 13

negative reinforcement is not punishment (t/f)

Answer 13

true, negative reinforcement removes a punishing/aversive event

Question 14

immediate vs. delayed reinforcers

Answer 14

immediate = more effective in causing reinforcement

Question 15

reinforcement schedule

Answer 15

pattern of how a desired response will be reinforced over time

Question 16

continuous reinforcement

Answer 16

RAPID but also RAPIDLY EXTINGUISHING reinforcement of response every time it occurs ($$$ per product made)

Question 17

partial/intermittent reinforcement

Answer 17

reinforces response only part of the time, slower acquisiton but also far longer time for extinction than continuous (hope!) (all 4 schedules are partial reinforcement)

Question 18

fixed-ratio schedule (AMOUNT)

Answer 18

reinforces a response only after a specified # of responses (15 sales for reward)

Question 19

variable-ratio schedule (AMOUNT)

Answer 19

reinforces a response after an unpredictable # of responses (phones in phone holder and extra points)

Question 20

fixed-inerval schedule (TIME)

Answer 20

reinforces only after specified time (salary)

Question 21

variable-interval schedule (TIME)

Answer 21

reinforces response at unpredictable time intervals (boss walks in and rewards at random times if he sees you doing good work)

Question 22

true/false: variable schedules produce more predictable results than fixed ones

Answer 22

true

Question 23

true/false: interval schedules are more effective at ellicting responses than ratio ones

Answer 23

false, opposite

Question 24

what does ss stand for

Answer 24

similar stimulus (NOT secondary)