mod 24 - storage: retaining info in the brain

Question 1

long-term potentiation (LTP)

Answer 1

increase in synaptic firing potential after fast and short stimulation, is the biological/neural basis for learning and memory

stronger stimuli like from stronger emotion = stronger potential, better memory

Question 2

serial position effect

Answer 2

tendency to most effectively recall first and last items in a list

Question 3

automatic processing

Answer 3

unconscious encoding of info that just so happens to be there (no ability to turn on or off)
5 ways:
1. space (rmr notes by page #)
2. time (label notes by days)
3. frequency (3rd time you pass a friend)
4. well-learned info (repeated)
5. familiarity of words (native language)

Question 4

5 ways o fautomatic processing

Answer 4

1. space (rmr notes by page #)
2. time (label notes by days)
3. frequency (3rd time you pass a friend)
4. well-learned info (repeated)
5. familiarity of words (native language)

Question 5

effortful processing

Answer 5

effortful, conscious effort to encode

Question 6

rehearsal

Answer 6

type of effortful processing, consciously repeat info to maintain in consciousness and encode for storage

Question 7

true/false: we have the poorest memory of something right before “our turn,” anticipating ourselves doing that thing

Answer 7

true, “next in line” effect

Question 8

information (an hour/a few seconds) before falling a sleep is well remembered

Answer 8

an hour, seconds before is hardly encoded properly

Question 9

spacing effect

Answer 9

distribute practice/studying OVER TIME = better, quick study = quick forget

Question 10

semantic vs. acoustic vs. visual encoding/imagery

Answer 10

semantic - meaning

acoustic - sounds, “1492 colombus sailed ocean blue?

visual - mental pictures to help visualize and encode

Question 11

rosy retrospection

Answer 11

recall high points, forget low ones (last year was great! right?)

Question 12

victor ebbinghaus (1850-1909)

Answer 12

meaningful material required 10% of effort than learning nonsense letters, we need personal engagement to memorize

Question 13

mnemonics

Answer 13

greek word for memory, memory aids, often use vivid imagery and organizational devices

INCLUDED IS THE PEG WORD TECHNIQUE

Question 14

chunking

Answer 14

organizing items into known, familiar units, often uses acronyms and we often do it automatically

(ex. HOMES - huron, Ontario, Michigan, erie, superior)

Question 15

hierarchies

Answer 15

complex info broken into broad concepts which are broken into categories and subcategories (FLOW CHART)

Question 16

iconic vs echoic memory

Answer 16

iconic = momentary visual stimuli sensory memory, photographic memory lasting no longer than a few tenths of a second

choice - momentary sensory mem. of auditory stimuli

Question 17

true/false: prolonged stress can corrode memories

Answer 17

true

Question 18

amnesia

Answer 18

loss of factual/experiential memory, but NOT loss of identity and that kinda stuff like movies

Question 19

explicit vs. implicit memory (declarative vs. nondeclarative/procedural memory)

Answer 19

explicit - facts and experiences able to be known and DECLARED by a conscious mind
broken down into facts-general knowledge, or

semantic memory,

and personally experience events, or

episodic memory

implicit - retain smth w/o conscious recollection, UNCONSCIOUS MEMORY
1. skills, both motor and cognitive
2. dispositions AKA effects of classical and operant conditioning

Question 20

parts of explicit/declarative memory

Answer 20

1. semantic/factual knowledge memory
2. experiential/episodic memory

Question 21

parts of implicit/nondeclarative/procedural mem

Answer 21

1. cognitive and motor skills
2. conditionings

Question 22

parts of brain responsible for memory

Answer 22

hippocampus and frontal lobes generally for recalling, cerebellum specifically good for implicit memory (following procedures)

Question 23

what do the left and right sides of thee brain do for memory?

Answer 23

left = verbal info
right = visual designs and locations