mod 24 - storage: retaining info in the brain Flashcards
long-term potentiation (LTP)
increase in synaptic firing potential after fast and short stimulation, is the biological/neural basis for learning and memory
stronger stimuli like from stronger emotion = stronger potential, better memory
serial position effect
tendency to most effectively recall first and last items in a list
automatic processing
unconscious encoding of info that just so happens to be there (no ability to turn on or off)
5 ways:
1. space (rmr notes by page #)
2. time (label notes by days)
3. frequency (3rd time you pass a friend)
4. well-learned info (repeated)
5. familiarity of words (native language)
5 ways o fautomatic processing
- space (rmr notes by page #)
- time (label notes by days)
- frequency (3rd time you pass a friend)
- well-learned info (repeated)
- familiarity of words (native language)
effortful processing
effortful, conscious effort to encode
rehearsal
type of effortful processing, consciously repeat info to maintain in consciousness and encode for storage
true/false: we have the poorest memory of something right before “our turn,” anticipating ourselves doing that thing
true, “next in line” effect
information (an hour/a few seconds) before falling a sleep is well remembered
an hour, seconds before is hardly encoded properly
spacing effect
distribute practice/studying OVER TIME = better, quick study = quick forget
semantic vs. acoustic vs. visual encoding/imagery
semantic - meaning
acoustic - sounds, “1492 colombus sailed ocean blue?
visual - mental pictures to help visualize and encode
rosy retrospection
recall high points, forget low ones (last year was great! right?)
victor ebbinghaus (1850-1909)
meaningful material required 10% of effort than learning nonsense letters, we need personal engagement to memorize
mnemonics
greek word for memory, memory aids, often use vivid imagery and organizational devices
INCLUDED IS THE PEG WORD TECHNIQUE
chunking
organizing items into known, familiar units, often uses acronyms and we often do it automatically
(ex. HOMES - huron, Ontario, Michigan, erie, superior)
hierarchies
complex info broken into broad concepts which are broken into categories and subcategories (FLOW CHART)
iconic vs echoic memory
iconic = momentary visual stimuli sensory memory, photographic memory lasting no longer than a few tenths of a second
choice - momentary sensory mem. of auditory stimuli
true/false: prolonged stress can corrode memories
true
amnesia
loss of factual/experiential memory, but NOT loss of identity and that kinda stuff like movies
explicit vs. implicit memory (declarative vs. nondeclarative/procedural memory)
explicit - facts and experiences able to be known and DECLARED by a conscious mind
broken down into facts-general knowledge, or
semantic memory,
and personally experience events, or
episodic memory
implicit - retain smth w/o conscious recollection, UNCONSCIOUS MEMORY
1. skills, both motor and cognitive
2. dispositions AKA effects of classical and operant conditioning
parts of explicit/declarative memory
- semantic/factual knowledge memory
- experiential/episodic memory
parts of implicit/nondeclarative/procedural mem
- cognitive and motor skills
- conditionings
parts of brain responsible for memory
hippocampus and frontal lobes generally for recalling, cerebellum specifically good for implicit memory (following procedures)
what do the left and right sides of thee brain do for memory?
left = verbal info
right = visual designs and locations
