module 10 testicular disorders Flashcards
varicocele patho
abnormal dilation of spermatic veins in the spermatic cord
- multifactorial process
- incompetent valves
- > backflow of blood and pooling
epididymitis patho
acute or chronic inflammation of the epididymis
- cause: bacterial, viral, parasitic, chemical, trauma induced
2 most common: chlamydia, gonorrhoeae
> 35: r/t urinary tract pathogens, structural abnormalities, and urologic procedures
Orchitis patho
systemic, blood-borne infection -> acute inflammation of one or both testicles Cause: - systemic viral infections (mumps) - complication of syphilis - mycobacterial infections - fungal infections 2 most common: trachomatis, gonorrhoeae
spermatocele patho
benign, painless sperm filled cyst of the epididymis
between the head of epididymis and the testes
hydrocele patho
accumulation of fluid within the tunica vaginalis surrounding the testicle
hematocele patho
collection of blood in the tunica vaginalis of the testes and manifests as a mass
- usually precipitated by trauma
testicular torsion patho
obstruction of blood flow to the testes because of a twisting of the arteries and veins in the spermatic cord
extravaginal torsion
occurs with the twisting of the spermatic cord, testis, and process vaginalis
intravaginal torsion
failure of the testis to adhere to the scrotal wall, creating a “bell clapper deformity”
scrotal-inguinal hernia patho
segment of the bowel slips through the internal inguinal ring
- result of a defcct in the anterior abd. wall
- patent process vaginalis
strangulation
suspected with
- tender mass
- redness
- N/V
elephantiasis patho
causes by filariasis (parasitic) that affects the scrotum
-> massive scrotal lymphedema
Varicocele s/s
- no visible s/s
- blue color through light-colored scrotal skin
- dull pain, ache, or heaviness
- enlargement in a testicle that decreases in supine position
epididymitis s/s
low grade fever, chills heavy sensation sudden onset severe pain - partially relieved by elevating scrotum blood in semen penile discharge low abd. pain groin pain lump in testicle pin with intercourse or ejaculation
orchitis s/s
gradual onset of acute or moderate pain
testicular swelling
fever
spermatocele s/s
painless, cystic mass that is separate from testis
general movable, firm, painless
distint corders
visible on transillumination
hydrocele s/s
painless, may come and go
marked edema
uncomfortable r/t added wt
hematocele s/s
painful scrotum, tender to palpation
not visible on transillumination
testicular torsion s/s
sudden onset, extremely painful abd. pain N/V poss. fever testicle rides high in scrotum absent cremasteric reflex
torsion of appendix testis s/s
gradual onset of unilateral testicular pain
edema
tenderness over head of testicle
blue dot sign: noted on transillumination
scrotal-inguinal hernia s/s
swelling mild to moderate pain on straining scrotal heaviness presence of a bulge edema inc. with standing erect dec. edema when recumbent
testicular tumor s/s
palpable mass edema sensation of fullness or heaviness back or abd. pian nausea anorexia bowel and bladder symptoms poss. retroperitoneal lymph involvement
elephantiasis s/s
massive scrotal lymphedema
thickened scrotal skin
skin ulcerations
varicocele exam
bag of worms on palpation
smaller when the pt is supine
epididymitis exam
scrotum is red, enlarged, and extremely tender - may be difficult to distinguish from testis intact cremasteric refelx pain relief with elevation (Prehn sign) pain along upper pole of testicle fever inc. HR UTI s/s inflammation of testis (orchitis)
orchitis exam
testicular edema - difficult to distinguish the testes from epididymis swollen, tense testes painful fever - occurs 4-7 days after viral infection
spermatocele exam
small, non-tender, freely movable mass able and behind the testis
- transillumination
hydrocele exam
painless mass that appears easily on transillumination
smooth, tense scrotal mass
hematocele exam
scrotal swelling
- no transillumination
may be tender to palpation
testicular torsion exam
edematous erythematous higher position swollen spermatic cord, extremely tender epididymis felt anteriorly absent cremasteric reflex
scrotal inguinal hernia exam
enlarged hemiscrotum or bulge in the goin area
- may spontaneously reduce when pt is supine or with manual reduction
