Minerals to Metals Part 7 Flashcards
What do alkali metals produce when reacting with water?
Hydrogen gas and a metal hydroxide
When sodium reacts with water, what is the word equation?
Sodium + Water = Sodium Hydroxide + Hydrogen Gas
What happens to the hydrogen which is produced during an alkali metal reaction with water?
It bubbles off and produces alkaline solutions
When heated how do alkali metals react with chlorine gas?
They burst into flames, burn brightly and give off white solids called chlorides
What is the reaction of sodium and chlorine gas?
Sodium + Chlorine Gas = Sodium Chloride
When alkali metals are placed into oxygen, what happens?
They burn even more fiercely, forming white solids called oxides
All alkali metals form ionic compounds in which the metal ion has what charge?
+1
What are ionic compounds formed by alkali metals?
White solids which dissolve in water to form solutes
Why is the outer electron in lithium held more strongly than in sodium?
It is found closer to the nucleus of the element, as there are 2 electron shells in sodium compared to 1 in lithium
Why is sodium more reactive than lithium?
Because its valence electron is further from the nucleus
As the atomic number of group 1 metals increases, what happens to its properties?
Melting point, boiling point and hardness decreases, density increases
What colour are all alkali metals of?
Silvery colour
When reacted with water, what is the pH that alkali metals produce?
Alkali metals form a solution with a pH greater than 7
In terms of outer shells, why do the metals become more reactive the larger the atom?
The larger the atom, the further the outer shell is from the nucleus and it is less attracted, therefore the metal becomes more reactive
What is the reaction of calcium and magnesium, group 2 alkaline metals, with water?
They also react with water, but much more slowly
What are the properties of group 2 metals like compared to group 1 metals?
The hardness, melting point and boiling point increases, however the reactivity decreases
What are alkaline metals?
Moderately reactive, whose oxides are not as soluble in water but still form an alkaline solution
Why is it harder for group 2 elements to form ions?
They have 2 outer shell electrons, so it is harder for them to form ions as they need to lose 2 electrons instead of 1
What are transition metals?
Less reactive metals, found in the middle block of 30 elements in the periodic table, including common, everyday metals
What are some examples of transition metals?
Iron, nickel, copper
