immunology Part 4 Flashcards
What is a vaccine?
A product that produces immunity from a disease and can be administered through needle injections, mouth or aerosol
What is vaccination?
The injection of a weakened organism that produces immunity in the body against that organism
What do vaccines contain and in what form is this in?
Pathogens that cause the disease, in a weakened state which is not strong enough to make the recipient ill
What does the weakened state of the pathogen do?
Stimulates the immune system, allows it to learn how to fight off the pathogen and in future, you are more likely to recover from the infection quickly
What is immunisation?
A process in which a person becomes protected from disease
What is sanitation?
Conditions relating to public health, such as provision of clean drinking water and adequate sewage disposal
What is a pandemic?
An epidemic occurring worldwide, crossing international boundaries and affecting a large number of people
What is an epidemic?
A temporary or periodical outbreak of a disease in a particular location
What is an endemic?
A disease constantly present in a particular location or group of people
What is an example of an endemic?
Malaria in tropical countries
What are some examples of epidemics?
Winter flu, common cold, measles
What are some examples of pandemics?
AIDS, spanish flu, COVID-19
How is evidence of disease shown by?
Symptoms
What are symptoms?
The result of physical or chemical damage, a deficiency a necessary requirement, or an inappropriate response to the environment
What does a doctor do with symptoms of a patient?
Examines them and makes a diagnosis
What is a diagnosis?
A process of identifying and determine the nature and cause of disease or injury, by looking at patient history and a physical examination
What is so unique about prokaryotic cells?
They do not contain a nucleus
What do ribosomes produce?
Protein in cells
What does it mean to be heterotrophic?
To rely on other food sources
What do autotrophs do?
Produce their own food
How do antibiotics kill bacteria?
They interfere with bacteria cell wall development
What are the disadvantages of using antibiotics too much?
They can kill off all the good bacteria in the body and leave you susceptible to diseases such as golden staph
What is an increase in bacterial resistant strains due to?
An overuse of antibiotic use in humans and it can be slowed down if we slow our use of antibiotics
