Minerals to Metals Part 6 Flashcards
What happens to positive and negative ions of lithium and fluoride?
They are electrostatically attracted to each other to form an ionic bond
How does a sodium atom react to have a complete outer shell arrangement and become a sodium ion?
It has one electron in its valence shell and will donate this electron to another atom, becoming a sodium ion which contains only 10 electrons and has a charge of +1
How will a chlorine atom react to have a complete outer shell arrangement and become a chloride ion?
It has 7 outer shell electrons and will gain an electron from another atom to become a chloride ion with a charge of 1-
What are negative and positive ions called?
Negative ions = Anions
Positive ions = Cations
What is a lattice arrangement?
When ions are arranged in a regular arrangement, held together by strong electrostatic forces
Since the ions are arranged in a regular pattern, what are all ionic substances at room temperature?
Solids at room temperature
What do ionic compounds have and why?
High boiling and melting points, because ionic bonds are very strong and It takes a lot of heat energy to break up the lattice
Why does magnesium oxide have a much higher melting point than sodium chloride?
Its ions have a higher charge, therefore they need more energy to overcome their electrostatic forces
When can ionic compounds conduct electricity?
When they have melted to form a liquid or dissolved in water to form an aqueous solution
What is a polyatomic ion?
An ion which is composed of more than one atom
Why is ammonium a polyatomic ion?
It consists of one nitrogen and four hydrogen atoms
What are some examples of polyatomic ions?
Ammonium, nitrate, sulphate, carbonate and phosphate
What will two ions with opposite charges do?
Attract to each other strongly, to form an ionic bond
Why do ionic compounds tend to be soluble in water?
Water molecules can attract the ions away from the lattice
Why does the aqueous solution of an ionic compound conduct electricity well?
The ions can move freely when the compound is dissolved in water
