Immunology Part 2 Flashcards
Give a brief description of bacteria?
Microscopic, unicellular organisms, there are thousands of species and we contain good and bad bacteria in the body
Which type of bacteria can cause disease and how can bacteria be treated?
Pathogenic bacteria causes disease and bacteria can be treated with antibiotics
What are some disease caused by bacteria?
Whooping cough, salmonella, tetanus, tuberculosis
How does tetanus enter the body?
Barbed wire can cause deep puncture wounds in the body which allow bacterium to enter
Give a brief description of viruses?
Smallest known pathogen, non-living organism
Wat do viruses contain?
A fragment of genetic material encased in a protective protein coat
What do viruses do to the body?
Reproduce inside host cells, damage the cell, take over and make thousands of copies
What are some diseases caused by viruses?
Influenza, colds, measles, chicken pox, HIV
What are some examples of parasites?
Fleas, lice, worms, protozoans
What can parasites lead to?
Malaria, sleeping sickness, scabies
What is the significance of fungi compared to other pathogens?
They are not as significant as bacteria and viruses to humans
What are examples of diseases caused by fungi?
Skin related diseases such as ringworm, thrush, tinea
What are some common infectious disease symptoms?
Fever, high temperatures, fatigue, cough, nausea, muscle aches, diarrhoea
What is the worst ever outbreak of an infectious disease and what was the profile of most of the victims?
The Spanish Flu (1918-1920), most victims were young, healthy adults
What happened to people who were infected by the Spanish flu?
People developed a blue tint, coughed up blood, developed pneumonia, were too weak to walk within hours and often died the following day
What are some examples of non-infectious diseases?
Genetic disorders such as albinism or social disorders such as obesity
What is direct contact?
Direct physical contact including touching of skin, sexual contact, sneezing on someone or contact with body lesions
How does indirect contact occur?
When there is no direct human-to-human contact, includes inhaling droplets, touching contaminated surfaces and vectors such as mosquitoes or fleas
What do infectious diseases result from?
Micro-organism such as bacteria or fungi, macro-organisms such as worms or insects, and pathogenic agents such as viruses
How are contaminated food and water diseases spread?
The pathogen or vector in the food or water is ingested into the host
How does air-borne transmission of disease work?
The pathogen is transmitted through the respiratory system
What do disease-specific vectors do?
Carry the pathogen and often transmit it through a bite
What are some examples of direct contact diseases?
Hepatitis, HIV, herpes, ebola
What are some examples of indirect contact diseases?
Ringworm, tinea
What are some examples of contaminated food and water diseases?
Cholera, salmonella
What are some examples of air-borne disease?
Influenza, tuberculosis
What are some examples of disease-specific vectors diseases?
Malaria, Lyme disease
