Minerals to Metals Part 4 Flashcards
What are group 1 elements called?
Alkali metals
What is the relationship between the group number of elements and their outer shell electrons?
Group Number = Number of Valence Electrons
What are group 2 elements called?
Alkaline earth metals
What are group 3 elements called?
Metals
What are group 5 elements called?
Non-metals
What are group 6 elements called?
Chalcogen non-metals
What are group 7 elements called?
Halogen non-metals
What happens when a sodium atom reacts with a fluorine atom?
Sodium donates its valence electron to the fluorine atom, thus sodium becomes a sodium ion (Na+) and fluorine becomes a fluoride ion (F-)
What happens when magnesium reacts with chlorine?
Magnesium donates one valence electron to each chlorine atom and becomes a magnesium ion (Mg2+), and chlorine becomes two chloride ions (Cl-), which attract and bond
What happens when a potassium reacts with oxygen?
Two potassium atoms donate one valence electron each to an oxygen atom, potassium becomes a potassium ion (K+) and oxygen becomes an oxide ion (O2-) and they attract and bond
What are metals used commercially in?
The manufacture of ships, planes, cars and industrial machines
How is copper extracted?
Through heat in the air
How is iron extracted?
It is smelt in a furnace
How is aluminium extracted?
Through electrolysis
What is everything in the world made from?
Elements
How are compounds formed?
When elements combine with each other
How are the elements in the periodic table arranged?
In order of increasing atomic number from left to right and top to bottom
What does the zig-zag line in the periodic table do?
Separates the metals from the non-metals in the table, with the metals on the left and non-metals on the right
What are the columns and rows in the periodic table called?
Columns = Groups Rows= Periods
What do elements in the same group have and why is that so?
They have similar chemical properties and behaviours, because they have the same number of outer shell electrons
What are transition metals?
Much less reactive metals, found in the middle of the table and not part of the 8 defined groups
