Minerals to Metals Part 11 Flashcards
What must metals above carbon in the reactivity series be extracted by?
Electrolysis
What can metals less reactive than carbon be extracted by?
Extracted from their ores by reduction, using carbon, coke or charcoal
What does the Law of Displacement state?
A more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from a metal salt solution
When will a reaction occur according to the Law of Displacement?
If a reactive metal is mixed with a less reactive metal compound
When will a reaction not occur according to the Law of Displacement?
When a metal of low reactivity is mixed with a more reactive metal compound
Where are most metals on Earth found?
In the Earth’s crust, combined with other elements as compounds in ores
What is iron found combined with and what are its 2 common ores called?
Combined with oxygen
Haematite = (Fe2O3) and Magnetite = (Fe3O4)
What is pyrometallurgy?
The extraction of metals using heat
What must happen fro metals found as oxides to be extracted?
The oxygen must be removed
What is the removal of oxygen from a substance called?
Reduction
What can be used to extract metals by reduction?
Carbon
What is the addition of oxygen to a substance called?
Oxidation
What is electrolysis?
The chemical decomposition produced by passing an electrical current through a solution containing ions
Where do positive ions travel during electrolysis?
Cations attract and migrate to the negative electrode, called the cathode
What do cations do at the negative electrode?
They deposit solid metal and gain mass
Where do negative anions travel during electrolysis?
Anions move towards the positive electrode, called the anode
Why are metals which are extracted using electrolysis more expensive?
Electrolysis is more expensive than using a blast furnace
What is the blast furnace?
A 50-metre high steel tower lined with heat-resistant bricks, loaded with the charge of iron ore, coke and limestone
What is the reducing agent during the blast furnace process?
Carbon monoxide
What is the overall blast furnace reaction known as?
A REDOX reaction
What are the ,major waste materials produced as a result of the blast furnace?
Nitrogen, carbon oxides and slag
