Immunology Part 9 Flashcards
What is a vaccine?
An artificial substance which when administered, provokes an immune response to an organism without the recipient actually catching the infection
What do vaccines stimulate the body into?
Making antibodies, T cell reproduction and making memory cells
What are the three types of vaccines?
Live, killed and subunit
What do live, attenuated vaccines use?
Weakened but alive organisms
What do killed vaccines use?
Dead organisms
What are subunit vaccines?
A molecular vaccine that is derived from some part of the pathogen that the immune system can recognise
What is another name for vaccination?
Immunisation
What happens during the first and second exposures of a vaccine?
The first exposure creates a response for a short duration and the second exposure creates a strong and long lasting reposes, due to memory cells
What is an example of artificial, passive immunity?
Antibodies given by injection
What is an example of natural, passive immunity?
Normal maternal antibodies given to babies
Who was Edward Jenner?
The father of immunology who created the first documented vaccination
What do the red blood cells have?
Surface proteins which can be of type A or type B
What happens if the wrong blood group is given to a patient?
Antibodies in the blood will swarm around the red blood cells causing them to agglutinate and block blood vessels
What is an allergy?
An abnormal reaction of the body to a previously encountered allergen introduced by inflation, ingestion , injection or skin contact
What is an allergy often manifested by?
Itchy eyes, runny nose, wheezing, skin rash or diarrhoea
