Migration - EQ4 - 1.12 Challenges to National Indentity Flashcards
Define media pluraity
- Media plurality is the cornerstone of a well-functioning democratic society in which citizens are exposed to a wide range of viewpoints from a variety of different sources,
- and where any one media owner, or voice, does not have too much influence over public opinion and the political agenda
define westernisation
- term used for the collective dominant influence of TNCs from the USA & Europe - the West
State 3 British brands location in the UK but who is foreign owned
- Bentley & Rolls-Royce are located in the Midlands but are German owned
- Vauxhall is located in the Midlands but is American owned
Describe how TNCs and globalistaion have shrunk the britsih car industry
- the UK was once the second largest car manufacturer
- rising production costs & competition from German & Japanese manufacturers in the 70s/80s led to a shrinking British owned car industry
what is the effect of less car industry in britain on national identity
- Made in Britain is a componenet of British National Identity –> pride in manufacturing that we hope to suppprt
what are the positive impacts of foreign ownership of the British car industry
- performance & productivity of british owned companies in britain tend to be higher than when it was just british industry
- this is from investment made into training workers
- this know-how tickles into neighbouring businesses benefitting the wider economy
Give ana example of British car companies reinfrocing national identity
- 1957 - the mini car was born with hopes to provide a fuel efficient car to the masses
- the authenticity of the brand was kept with union jack taillights & cars friendly personality with it being convertible
Why is made in Britain an increasingly complex concept
- many firms are foreign with profits made in britain transfferred abroad & tax liabilities to the British government are kept at a miniumum
what issue has arose in the UK due to foreign ownership of the car industry
- raises the issue of the so called insutrial decline because although the loss of the car industry did lead to reduced unemployment,
- output has risen with profits going offshore
- What is the difficulty with british owned companies in the UK outsourcing
british owned companies in the UK are often assmebling products & losing parts made in other countries in a complex supply chain
this can lead to research and developmenttaking place abroad leaving lower value economic activities in the UK
define cultural imperlialism
- the dominance of one country over another often through the imposition of values, beliefs and practises possibly leading to the maginaistaion/erosion of local cultures
Describe the domiance of the USA in the FORBES TOP 2000 LIST
- 5 of the top 10 with top being walmart
- 590/2000 are US owned
How does entertianment reinforce western values
- disney - accused of portraying a highly sanitised version of the world with its films, TV channels and resorts that are rooted in a false and unachievable ‘American Dream’
How does retail reinfroce western values
- US retail model of shopping malls have replicated across the world
how has the global shift in food reinforced western values
- mcdonalds - based in 100 countries and serve over 70 million customers a day, spreading the idea of American fast food –> obesity!
suggest why cultural imperialism may not actually reinforce western identity
- The actions of these corporations does not automatically challenge or modify national identities, as these TNCs gain new ideas from various cultures across the globe
- It is more of an influence, that is then linked to the country of origin - Indian, Korean and Japanese influences inspire creative industries such as film, music and food, creating a ‘fusion’ that is subsequently ‘promoted’ as ‘western or American’
what is the negative impact of cultural imperialism on western identity
-local governments
- Some ‘westernisation’ is resisted by places;
- Valentine’s Day cards and associated gifts were targeted by the local government in Kohat, Pakistan,
- who were worried about the ‘western tradition’ of honouring a Christian saint
- TNCs can outcompete national brands on price (economies of scale)
- & marketing means ‘western brands’ replace national ones
define tax haven
- a location notorious for low taxes or profitable bank saving schemes - increase in offshore bank accounts
define deregulation
- removing laws and regulations for new businesses hence increasing competition in the market
- The more businesses in a market, the more economic activity that occurs
- This increases economic growth
Describe the case study for property and land ownership in London
- non national ownership of property in the UK is much higher in London than anywhere else
- 2014 - it was estimated that 10% of all money spent on property in London was Russian - Londongrad
How has Canary Wharf been foreign owned
- Quatari Investment Authority is London’s Largest Property owner
- owns 95% of the Shard, Olympic Village
- and the Canary Wharf Financial District for £2.6 billion
what does it mean that foreign government scan own sovereign wealth funds
- when a government invests the wealth of its nation into companies & projects around the world many countries with larger revenues
- e.g quatar and oil
what are the positive of deregulation on western identity
- from greater FDI there is a greater return on investment, attracting economic migrants and thus multiculturaism & diveristy is introduced
what are the negatives of deregulation on western identity
- has pushed up property prices making housing unaffordable for some as market shares are increased –>
- the concept that British people cannot afford to live in Britain’s capital city is a threat to national identity
what are some facts about sovereign wealth funds
- Worth £100s of billions
- allow foreign government to own assets in countries –> undermining national identity and threatening sovereignity
- soe countries set a high shareholder thresholds restricting overseas investors
Explain how UK citizens can be responsible for changing national identity
- UK citizens are also responsible for changing a places identity
- Coastal areas in France, Italy and Spain have become British ex-pat areas dominated by retirees, young entrepreneurs and sun-seekers
- This has contributed to the growth of British enclaves overseas
- In some places, visible landscapes have been replaced with a new British ethnoscape
what are british ethnoscapes
changes made by minority ethnic groups to a cultural landscape in order to remake the place where they live to reflect their origins
A British pub in Nice, France, serving a roast beef dinner
what is the impact of british ethnocscapes on western identity
- A consideration is whether ethnoscapes and foreign property investments make it harder/difficult for local residents to buy property or to live in these areas and therefore, considered threats to national identity
