Globalisation - EQ1 - What are the causes of globalisation and why has it accelerated in recent decades? Flashcards
Define Globalisation
- The process by which
- people, culture, finance, goods & information
- transfer between countries with few barriers
Define cultural globalisation
- Refers to the transmission of ideas, meanings and values around the world
- in such a way as to extend and intensify social relations.
- This normally consists of western cultural traits dominating territories.
Define environmental globalisation
- Refers to a holistic approach to natural problems and issues,
- looking at the international environment rather than just the local or national issues.
Define political globalisation
- Refers to the growth of trading blocs, free trade agreements and global organisations.
- The emergence of national, international and nongovernmental organisations
- that act as watchdogs over governments
- have increased their activities and influence.
Define social globalisation
- Refers to how population structures have changed as a result of shifting population characteristics such as migration, immigration and emigration.
- Global improvements in education and health has also accelerated this.
Define economic globalisation
- Refers to the increasing integration and interdependence of
- national, regional and local economies across the world
- through a strengthening of cross-border movement of goods, services, technologies and capital.
- TNC’s are the biggest driver of this.
Economic Integration means an increasing…
reliance of economies on eachother
Economic Integration provides the opportunities to…
be able to buy or sell in any country in the world
Economic Integration provides the opportunities for…
labour and capital to locate anywhere in the world
What are the 3 aspects of globalisation in terms of connections
Lengthening
Deepening
Faster Connections
Define “Global Flow”
connections between places
Define “Global Networks”
connection of different parts of the world resulting in the expansion of international cultural, economic, and political activities
Give examples of global flows
commodities (goods)
services
capital
people
information
technology
labour
culture
Define remittances
how money & capital is transferred across the world
Describe the strength of the global connections of low income nations
- the poorest people will be isolated from global influences
- limited connections to far off places for aid or growing of cash crops
Describe the strength of the global connections of middle income nations
- poorer people still rely on local produce but work for foreign firms
- they have global cultural (e.g music & football) & political awareness
Describe the strength of the global connections of high income nations
- the majority of people are affluent consumers of global products & culture (e.g imported film & TV)
- most people are widely travelled & fly overseas
Define Glocalisation
-the changing of the design of products to meet local tastes or laws
What is meant by Time Space Compression
the idea that distant places feel even closer & take less time to reach
What lead to the theory of Time Space Compression
- Heightened connectivity & changes to our conception of time
- impacting the global flow, distance & potential barriers
- to the migration of people, goods, money & information
What is meant by the Shrinking World Effect
- As travel times fall due to new inventions
- different places approach each other in ‘space-time’:
- they begin to feel closer together than in the past
What led to the Shrinking World Effect
- Developments in transport and trade in the 19th century (railways, telegraph, steam-ships)
- & accellerations in the 20th century in jet aircraft & containerisation
- all contributing to a ‘shrinking world’
Which factors lead to “the shrinking world”
- better transport
- broadband
- fiber-optics
Define cartogram
a thematic mapping variable is substituted for land area or distance