Midterm - Lecture 2 Flashcards
Through what dietary components do animals get energy?
fat, protein, and carbohydrates
How is energy measured?
in joules or calories
What is the definition of a calorie?
the energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water from 16.5 to 17.5 degrees C
What is the equivalent of 1 calorie in joules?
4.184 joules
What is 1000 calories equivalent to?
1 kcal
What is 1000 kcal equivalent to?
1 mcal
What is the equivalent of 1 kg in pounds?
2.2 pounds
What is 1 mg/kg equivalent to?
1 ppm
What is the equivalent of 1 lb in grams?
454 grams
What is the equivalent of 1 lb in ounces?
16 ounces
What is the equivalent of 1 oz in grams?
28.33 grams
What is the maintenance energy?
the energy expended to maintain the animal
How is maintenance energy calculated?
K(kgBW^(3/4))
How does direct calorimetry work?
an animal goes into a sealed chamber and all heat produced over a period of time is measured
How does indirect calorimetry work?
calculates heat that living organisms produce based on their consumption of oxygen
What is gross energy good for finding?
how much energy needs to come from feed to gain weight, grow a pound in fetal growth, or to make a liter of milk
What is gross energy equivalent to?
net energy
What is digestible energy?
gross energy - gross energy in feces
What is metabolizable energy?
gross energy - feces - urine - gases
What are energy requiring processes?
maintenance, pregnancy, lactation, exercise, adaptation to hot or cold environments, growth
How is gross energy traditionally calculated?
a bomb calorimeter
What is the gross energy constant for fat?
9.4 kcal GE/g
What is the gross energy constant for protein?
5.7 kcal GE/g
What is the gross energy constant for carbohydrates?
4.1 kcal GE/g
