Midterm - Lecture 1 Flashcards
What are the basic food types that animals get nutrients from?
plant tissue, animal tissue, minerals, vitamins, additives
What are the types of plant tissue?
seeds, stalk and leaves
What are the types of seeds that animals get nutrients from?
oil seeds and cereal grains
What are the layers of the whole grain kernel?
the bran, the endosperm, and he germ
What is the bran of the whole grain kernel?
the tough outer layer
What nutrients are in the bran of the whole grain kernel?
B vitamins and trace minerals
What is the germ of the whole grain kernel?
where the embryo is located
What nutrients are in the germ of the whole grain kernel?
Vitamin E, trace proteins, and oils
What is the endosperm of the whole grain kernel?
the storage for starch and protein
How is the processing of oil done?
by hexane extraction
What nutrients come from soy beans?
high in protein, essential amino acids, lysine
Why would a diet high in soy beans be bad?
they are trypsin inhibitors which cause diarrhea and poor digestion
What are the hulls of soy beans good for?
a good source of cellulose and amycellulose for horses and ruminants
Why do cotton seeds need to be limited in diets?
they contain gossypol which causes sterility in bulls
What are the types of oil seeds that feeds are made of?
soybeans, cotton seeds, sunflowers, canola
What are the cereal grains?
corn, barley, wheat, oats, rice
What are the types of cool season grasses?
bluegrass, rye, orchard grass
What are the types of warm season grasses?
indian grass, blue stem, coastal bermuda, corn
What are the types of stalk and leaf sources for feed?
cool grasses, warm grasses, hay silage, legumes
What nutrients are in meat?
protein, calcium, phosphorus
What nutrients are in fat?
energy
What nutrients are in bone?
calcium and phosphorus
What are types of additives in food?
growth promotants and antibiotics
How do you change as fed into dry matter?
as fed divided by the percentage of DM in the feed.
If given percent moisture, how do you know how much DM is in feed?
subtract the moisture from 100. i.e. moisture is 22% DM is 78%
How do you change dry matter values into as feed?
multiply the given value by the percentage of DM
