Midterm - Lecture 10 Flashcards
What is the normal blood concentration of sodium?
130-152 mEq/L
What is the normal intracellular fluid concentration of sodium?
13-15 mEq/L
What is the normal blood concentration of potassium?
3.2-5.7 mEq/L
What is the normal intracellular fluid concentration of potassium?
1150 mEq/L
What is the normal blood level of Cl?
96-120 mEq/L
What is the normal intracellular fluid concentration of Cl?
10-30 mEq/L
What happens when the Na, K, or Cl levels are outside of normal limits?
alters nerve and muscle membrane potentials, alters acid-base physiology
What is diet Na necessary for?
intestine to absorb sugars and amino acids
What is the function of chloride?
chief anion of extracellular fluids, pumped into the stomach for digestion of food
What is the function of potassium?
- the major determinant of cell resting membrane potential
- required for growth of protein chains within ribosome
- major role in acid-base physiology
What do blood K levels do during acidosis?
increase
What do blood k levels do during alkalosis?
decrease
What are the blood levels like during hypokalemia?
low blood K, often a sign of alkalosis, high pH
What are the blood levels like during hyperkalemia?
high blood K, often a sign of acidosis, low pH
How does the body try to compensate for hyperkalemia?
shifts potassium from inside of the cells to extracellular fluids
What is a side effect of hyperkalemia?
renal failure - the inability to get K out of the diet
What are symptoms of hyperkalemia?
cardiac arrhythmias, weak contractions of the heart
Why should salt be in nearly every diet?
because animals need Na and Cl; salt has both
What is pica?
Na deficiency
What does pica cause animals to do?
lick urine off of the floor, will chew on anything
What is a symptom of pica?
rough hair coat, poor growth and productivity
How does pica affect cows?
cows fail to make milk
How does pica affect horses?
horses fatigue easily
How do you feed a horse with equine HYPP?
muscles fail to contract, restrict the potassium diet
Do animals require sulfur?
there is no tissue requirement, however ruminants have it to allow rumen bacteria to synthesize sulfur containing amino acids
How does diet sulfur cause toxicity in ruminants?
breath in hydrogen sulfide from burps - neurotoxin, rapid death
