Midterm - Lecture 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal blood concentration of sodium?

A

130-152 mEq/L

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2
Q

What is the normal intracellular fluid concentration of sodium?

A

13-15 mEq/L

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3
Q

What is the normal blood concentration of potassium?

A

3.2-5.7 mEq/L

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4
Q

What is the normal intracellular fluid concentration of potassium?

A

1150 mEq/L

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5
Q

What is the normal blood level of Cl?

A

96-120 mEq/L

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6
Q

What is the normal intracellular fluid concentration of Cl?

A

10-30 mEq/L

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7
Q

What happens when the Na, K, or Cl levels are outside of normal limits?

A

alters nerve and muscle membrane potentials, alters acid-base physiology

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8
Q

What is diet Na necessary for?

A

intestine to absorb sugars and amino acids

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9
Q

What is the function of chloride?

A

chief anion of extracellular fluids, pumped into the stomach for digestion of food

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10
Q

What is the function of potassium?

A
  • the major determinant of cell resting membrane potential
  • required for growth of protein chains within ribosome
  • major role in acid-base physiology
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11
Q

What do blood K levels do during acidosis?

A

increase

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12
Q

What do blood k levels do during alkalosis?

A

decrease

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13
Q

What are the blood levels like during hypokalemia?

A

low blood K, often a sign of alkalosis, high pH

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14
Q

What are the blood levels like during hyperkalemia?

A

high blood K, often a sign of acidosis, low pH

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15
Q

How does the body try to compensate for hyperkalemia?

A

shifts potassium from inside of the cells to extracellular fluids

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16
Q

What is a side effect of hyperkalemia?

A

renal failure - the inability to get K out of the diet

17
Q

What are symptoms of hyperkalemia?

A

cardiac arrhythmias, weak contractions of the heart

18
Q

Why should salt be in nearly every diet?

A

because animals need Na and Cl; salt has both

19
Q

What is pica?

A

Na deficiency

20
Q

What does pica cause animals to do?

A

lick urine off of the floor, will chew on anything

21
Q

What is a symptom of pica?

A

rough hair coat, poor growth and productivity

22
Q

How does pica affect cows?

A

cows fail to make milk

23
Q

How does pica affect horses?

A

horses fatigue easily

24
Q

How do you feed a horse with equine HYPP?

A

muscles fail to contract, restrict the potassium diet

25
Do animals require sulfur?
there is no tissue requirement, however ruminants have it to allow rumen bacteria to synthesize sulfur containing amino acids
26
How does diet sulfur cause toxicity in ruminants?
breath in hydrogen sulfide from burps - neurotoxin, rapid death