Midterm - Lecture 10

Question 1

What is the normal blood concentration of sodium?

Answer 1

130-152 mEq/L

Question 2

What is the normal intracellular fluid concentration of sodium?

Answer 2

13-15 mEq/L

Question 3

What is the normal blood concentration of potassium?

Answer 3

3.2-5.7 mEq/L

Question 4

What is the normal intracellular fluid concentration of potassium?

Answer 4

1150 mEq/L

Question 5

What is the normal blood level of Cl?

Answer 5

96-120 mEq/L

Question 6

What is the normal intracellular fluid concentration of Cl?

Answer 6

10-30 mEq/L

Question 7

What happens when the Na, K, or Cl levels are outside of normal limits?

Answer 7

alters nerve and muscle membrane potentials, alters acid-base physiology

Question 8

What is diet Na necessary for?

Answer 8

intestine to absorb sugars and amino acids

Question 9

What is the function of chloride?

Answer 9

chief anion of extracellular fluids, pumped into the stomach for digestion of food

Question 10

What is the function of potassium?

Answer 10

• the major determinant of cell resting membrane potential
• required for growth of protein chains within ribosome
• major role in acid-base physiology

Question 11

What do blood K levels do during acidosis?

Answer 11

increase

Question 12

What do blood k levels do during alkalosis?

Answer 12

decrease

Question 13

What are the blood levels like during hypokalemia?

Answer 13

low blood K, often a sign of alkalosis, high pH

Question 14

What are the blood levels like during hyperkalemia?

Answer 14

high blood K, often a sign of acidosis, low pH

Question 15

How does the body try to compensate for hyperkalemia?

Answer 15

shifts potassium from inside of the cells to extracellular fluids

Question 16

What is a side effect of hyperkalemia?

Answer 16

renal failure - the inability to get K out of the diet

Question 17

What are symptoms of hyperkalemia?

Answer 17

cardiac arrhythmias, weak contractions of the heart

Question 18

Why should salt be in nearly every diet?

Answer 18

because animals need Na and Cl; salt has both

Question 19

What is pica?

Answer 19

Na deficiency

Question 20

What does pica cause animals to do?

Answer 20

lick urine off of the floor, will chew on anything

Question 21

What is a symptom of pica?

Answer 21

rough hair coat, poor growth and productivity

Question 22

How does pica affect cows?

Answer 22

cows fail to make milk

Question 23

How does pica affect horses?

Answer 23

horses fatigue easily

Question 24

How do you feed a horse with equine HYPP?

Answer 24

muscles fail to contract, restrict the potassium diet

Question 25

Do animals require sulfur?

Answer 25

there is no tissue requirement, however ruminants have it to allow rumen bacteria to synthesize sulfur containing amino acids

Question 26

How does diet sulfur cause toxicity in ruminants?

Answer 26

breath in hydrogen sulfide from burps - neurotoxin, rapid death