Microbiology - Zoonoses Flashcards
features of campylobacter food poisoning?
fever & headacahe, progresses to dysentery
What are 3 key features of salmonella infection?
Fever, Diarrhoea and vomiting
How can salmonella food poisoning be treated?
Supportive + ciprofloxacin
Which types of salmonella must always be treated, and with which can you wait to see if they will need treatment?
S. typhi/ paratyphi = always treat
Other types = watchful waiting
Bartonella is a zoonotic infection from which animal?
Kittens
What diseases can be caused by bartonella henselae?
Cat scratch disease (immunocompetent)/ baciliary angiomatosis (if immunocompromised)
How should cat scratch disease be treated?
Erythromycin + doxycycline
add rifampicin if Bacilliary Angiomatosis in immunocompromised
What are the signs of baciliary angiomatosis?
papules or nodules which are red, globular and non-blanching, with a vascular appearance. usually limited to cutaneous.
deranged LFTs occasionally
Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic infection from which animals?
Cats & Sheep
How is toxoplasmosis treated?
Spiramycin
What is the risk with toxoplasmosis infection in the immunocompromised?
That it will be reactivated, leading to progressive visual/ hearing/ motor/ cognitive impairment and seizures
What is the risk with toxoplasmosis infection in pregnancy?
Still birth
Where in the world is brucellosis most likely found?
Middle East
What are the symptoms of brucellosis?
undulant fever (peaks in evening) back pain, orchitis, focal abscesses and FLAWS
What is the causative organism in Q fever?
Coxiella burnetti
How are brucellosis and coxiella burnetti and transmitted to humans?
Unpasteurised milk and cheese
What are the symptoms of Q fever?
atypical pneumonia (dry cough, fever), no rash
What is the treatment for Q fever?
Doxycycline
What are the causative organisms in rabies? what reservoir
Lyssa viruses
dogs, cats, bats
What are the symptoms of rat bite fever?
Fevers and polyarthralgia
Haverhill fever is transmitted to humans via contact with which type of animal?
Rats
aka rat bite fever
How can rite bite fever and hantovirus be differentiated clinically?
Rat bite fever = polyarthralgia
Hantovirus = myalgia
reservoir of campylobacter
poultry, cattle
get from uncooked chicken at BBQ
treatment of salmonella typi/paratyphi
ceftriaxone or azithromycin 14 days?
note = thyphoid = eneteric fever
TYPHI
what serological test to diagnose toxoplasmosis
Sabin–Feldman dye test
toxoplasma trophozoites are not stained (positive result);
what’s the treatment for toxoplasmosis if mother +ve and baby -ve
= no vertical transmission = Spiramycin (3-week course, 2-3g/day)
what’s the treatment for toxoplasmosis if mother +ve and baby +ve
Pyrimethamine + Sulfadiazine for 1 year
treatment of brucellosis
4-6wks doxycycline + streptomycin
triad of major rabies signs
encephalitis, hydrophobia, hypersalivation
Prodrome – fever, headache, sore throat
b. Acute encephalitis (hyperactive state)
c. Migration to CNS (after months – yrs) fatal encephalitis, hypersalivation, hydrophobia (the infection causes intense spasms in the throat when a person tries to swallow)
treatment of rabies
rabies IgG post-exposure (before symptoms)
give two causative organisms in rat bite fever
Streptobacillus moniliformis is most common in North America.
The other type of infection caused by Spirillum minus is more common in Asia
presentation of rat bite fever mimics what? what clinical features
similar to septic arthritis.
1st: fevers, polyarthralgia, maculopapular then purpuric rash
2nd: endocarditis
other than blood culture what investigation in rate bite fever
joint fluid MC&S
treatment of rat bite fever
penicillin
treatment of viral haemorhaggic fever and hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome:
supportive
VHFs = Ebola and Marburg, Lassa fever, and yellow fever viruses
4 reservoirs in VHF
o Reservoirs:
Ebola (bats) Lassa (rats)
Marburg (bats) CCHF (ticks)
