Microbiology - Zoonoses

Question 1

features of campylobacter food poisoning?

Answer 1

fever & headacahe, progresses to dysentery

Question 2

What are 3 key features of salmonella infection?

Answer 2

Fever, Diarrhoea and vomiting

Question 3

How can salmonella food poisoning be treated?

Answer 3

Supportive + ciprofloxacin

Question 4

Which types of salmonella must always be treated, and with which can you wait to see if they will need treatment?

Answer 4

S. typhi/ paratyphi = always treat
Other types = watchful waiting

Question 5

Bartonella is a zoonotic infection from which animal?

Answer 5

Kittens

Question 6

What diseases can be caused by bartonella henselae?

Answer 6

Cat scratch disease (immunocompetent)/ baciliary angiomatosis (if immunocompromised)

Question 7

How should cat scratch disease be treated?

Answer 7

Erythromycin + doxycycline
add rifampicin if Bacilliary Angiomatosis in immunocompromised

Question 8

What are the signs of baciliary angiomatosis?

Answer 8

papules or nodules which are red, globular and non-blanching, with a vascular appearance. usually limited to cutaneous.

deranged LFTs occasionally

Question 9

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic infection from which animals?

Answer 9

Cats & Sheep

Question 10

How is toxoplasmosis treated?

Answer 10

Spiramycin

Question 11

What is the risk with toxoplasmosis infection in the immunocompromised?

Answer 11

That it will be reactivated, leading to progressive visual/ hearing/ motor/ cognitive impairment and seizures

Question 12

What is the risk with toxoplasmosis infection in pregnancy?

Answer 12

Still birth

Question 13

Where in the world is brucellosis most likely found?

Answer 13

Middle East

Question 14

What are the symptoms of brucellosis?

Answer 14

undulant fever (peaks in evening) 
back pain, orchitis, focal abscesses and FLAWS

Question 15

What is the causative organism in Q fever?

Answer 15

Coxiella burnetti

Question 16

How are brucellosis and coxiella burnetti and transmitted to humans?

Answer 16

Unpasteurised milk and cheese

Question 17

What are the symptoms of Q fever?

Answer 17

atypical pneumonia (dry cough, fever), no rash

Question 18

What is the treatment for Q fever?

Answer 18

Doxycycline

Question 19

What are the causative organisms in rabies? what reservoir

Answer 19

Lyssa viruses
dogs, cats, bats

Question 20

What are the symptoms of rat bite fever?

Answer 20

Fevers and polyarthralgia

Question 21

Haverhill fever is transmitted to humans via contact with which type of animal?

Answer 21

Rats
aka rat bite fever

Question 22

How can rite bite fever and hantovirus be differentiated clinically?

Answer 22

Rat bite fever = polyarthralgia
Hantovirus = myalgia

Question 23

reservoir of campylobacter

Answer 23

poultry, cattle

get from uncooked chicken at BBQ

Question 24

treatment of salmonella typi/paratyphi

Answer 24

ceftriaxone or azithromycin 14 days?

note = thyphoid = eneteric fever

TYPHI

Question 25

what serological test to diagnose toxoplasmosis

Answer 25

Sabin–Feldman dye test
toxoplasma trophozoites are not stained (positive result);

Question 26

what’s the treatment for toxoplasmosis if mother +ve and baby -ve

Answer 26

= no vertical transmission =  Spiramycin (3-week course, 2-3g/day)

Question 27

what’s the treatment for toxoplasmosis if mother +ve and baby +ve

Answer 27

Pyrimethamine + Sulfadiazine for 1 year

Question 28

treatment of brucellosis

Answer 28

4-6wks doxycycline + streptomycin

Question 29

triad of major rabies signs

Answer 29

encephalitis, hydrophobia, hypersalivation

Prodrome – fever, headache, sore throat

b. Acute encephalitis (hyperactive state)
c. Migration to CNS (after months – yrs) fatal encephalitis, hypersalivation, hydrophobia (the infection causes intense spasms in the throat when a person tries to swallow)

Question 30

treatment of rabies

Answer 30

rabies IgG post-exposure (before symptoms)

Question 31

give two causative organisms in rat bite fever

Answer 31

Streptobacillus moniliformis is most common in North America.
The other type of infection caused by Spirillum minus is more common in Asia

Question 32

presentation of rat bite fever mimics what? what clinical features

Answer 32

similar to septic arthritis.

 1st: fevers, polyarthralgia, maculopapular then purpuric rash
 2nd: endocarditis

Question 33

other than blood culture what investigation in rate bite fever

Answer 33

joint fluid MC&S

Question 34

treatment of rat bite fever

Answer 34

penicillin

Question 35

treatment of viral haemorhaggic fever and hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome:

Answer 35

supportive

VHFs = Ebola and Marburg, Lassa fever, and yellow fever viruses

Question 36

4 reservoirs in VHF

Answer 36

o Reservoirs:
 Ebola (bats) Lassa (rats)
 Marburg (bats) CCHF (ticks)