Histopathology 15 - Cerebrovascular disease and Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 main types of cerebral oedema?

A

Vasogenic (due to disrupted BBB)

Cytotoxic (due to hypoxia/ ischaemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the difference between communicating and non-communicating hydrocephalus?

A
Communicating = problem with CSF resorption into venous sinuses
Non-communicating = Due to obstruction in flow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the normal range for ICP in a supine adult?

A

7-15mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the most important contraindication to lumbar puncture?

A

Pailloedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the most common site for non-traumatic intra-parenchymal haemorrhages?

A

Basal ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the biggest risk factor for non-traumatic intra-parenchymal haemorrhage?

A

Hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When do congenital arteriovenous malformations tend to become symptomatic?

A

Between 2nd and 5th decade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the management of ruptured congenital arteriovenous malformation?

A

Surgically remove if poss, this may be radiosurgery

Embolise (to stop bleeding)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a cavernous angioma?

A

Hemangioma (vascular tumour), which causes a slowing of blood flow through “caverns”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When do cavernous angiomas become symptomatic?

A

When they bleed - which is at low pressure and usually >50 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the most common site of haemorrhage in subarachnoid haemorrhage?

A

Berry aneurysm rupture

80% at internal carotid artery bifurcation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the key symptom of subarachnoid haemorrhage?

A

Sudden onset severe ‘thunderclap’ headache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

At what size of Berry aneurysm is the risk of rupture greatest?

A

> 6mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How can Berry aneurysms be fixed?

A

Platinum coiling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In which cerebral artery are infarctions most likely?

A

Middle cerebral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What % of TBI patients make a good recovery?

A

31%

17
Q

What are the clinical signs of skull fracture?

A

Otorrhoea and rhinorrhoea with straw-coloured fluid

18
Q

What is contusion?

A

Brain collision with skull which causes surface bruising

19
Q

Which structures are mosta affected by traumatic diffuse axonal injury?

A

Midline structures eg corpus callosum