Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Path Y > Histopathology - Breast pathology > Flashcards

Histopathology - Breast pathology Flashcards

1
Q

what do B5a and B5b denote

A

B5a= DCIS/LCIS

B5b= invasive primary breast carcinomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What guage needle is used for core biopsy in breast cancer investigiation?

A

16/18 guage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Recall the B1-B5 code that is used to grade fine needle aspirate in breast cancer investigation

A

B1 - Inadequate sample
B2 - Benign
B3 - Atypia, probably benign
B4 - Suspicious of malignancy
B5 - Malignant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Recall some symptoms of duct ectasia

A

thick white nipple secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What would be seen upon cytological analysis of nipple discharge in duct ectasia?

A

Proteinaceous material and inflammatory cells only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the most common pathogen identified in acute mastitis?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the cause of fat necrosis of the breast?

A

trauma, surgery etc

painless breast mass
its an inflammatory reaction to damaged adipose tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the cause of fibrocystic disease of the breast?

A

Normal, but exaggerated, response to hormonal influences (menstrual cycle)
presents w breast lumps, tenderness
no increased risk for subsequent carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How can fibroadenoma be cured?

A

‘Shelling out’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which breast tumours can be described as ‘leaf like’?

A

Phyllodes tumours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a phyllodes tumour?

A

Potentially aggressive fibroepithelial neoplasm of the breast - but usually benign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do phyllodes tumours tend to present?

A

Usually as an enlarging breast mass in women >50 - often in pre-existing fibroadenomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How can radial scars of the breast be cured?

A

Excision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is another name for flat epithelial atypia?

A

Atypical ductal carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How much is risk of malignancy increased by flat epithelial atypia?

A

4 times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the main histopathological features of flat epithelial atypia?

A

Cribiform spaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How much is risk of malignancy increased by in situ lobar neoplasia?

A

7-12 times increased risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

2 histological findings in DCIS

A

calcification
cribriform spaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How should DCIS be managed?

A

Complete excision with surgical margins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the biggest risk factor for invasive breast carcinoma? list 5 others

A

Osetrogen exposure (late menopause, early menarche)
OCP
obesity
FHx
BRCA
alcohol
caucasian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which genetic 2 changes is seen in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast?

A

16q loss
e cadherin +ve

22
Q

What is the histological appearance of invasive ductal carcinoma vs lobular carcinoma?

A

Ductal: Large pleiomorphic cells with huge nuclei
Lobular: Linear, MONOmorphic cells

23
Q

Which type of breast pathology would show an “Indian file pattern” of cells under the microscope?

A

Invasive lobular carcinoma

24
Q

Which type of breast carcinoma has the worst prognosis?

A

Basal-like carcinoma
triple negative for ER/PR/HER2

25
How can basal-like breast carcinomas be identified using immunohistocheistry?
Positive for 'basal' cytokeratins eg CK5/6/14
26
What 3 features of a breast malignancy are examined to decide its histological grading?
Tubule formation Nuclear pleiomorphism Mitotic activity score 1-3 for all
27
Which receptors are tested for in breast cancer diagnosis, and why?
ER - good PR - good HER2 - bad Gives therapeutic and prognostic value
28
What age group is invited to breast cancer screening in the UK?
screening every 3 years between the ages of 50 and 71.
29
triple assesment =
clinical examination imaging - mammogram or ultrasound fna or core biopsy for histopathology
30
gold standard for diagnosis of breast cancer =
histopathology
31
3 rf for duct ectasia
smoking age 40-60 multiparous
32
mastitis cytology shows
abundance of neutrophils
33
what causes non lactational mastitis
keratinising squamous metaplasia
34
cytology of fat necrosis
fat cells surrounded by macrophages
35
presentation of mastitis
tender, red breast
36
state 3 inflammatory (benign) breast conditions
mastitis duct ectasia fat necrosis
37
fibroadenoma is commonly referred to as
breast mouse benign, freely mobile mass
38
what benign condition may cause bloody discharge
intarductal papilloma central papilloma = bloody discharge peripheral = may remain clinically silent
39
typical appearance of radial scar on mammograms and histology
``` stellate appearance (mimics carcinoma) also on histology - peripheral proliferation of ducts and acini ```
40
state 5 benign breast conditions
fibroadenoma intraductal papilloma fibrocystic disease phyllodes tumour radial scar
41
state 3 proliferative conditions which may progress into invasive breast carcinoma
usual epithelial hyperplasia flat epithelial atypia in situ lobar neoplasia
42
which of the 3 proliferative conditions has the highest risk of becoming invasive carcinoma
in situ lobar neoplasia (7-12x0 followed by flat epithelial atypia
43
describe the histolgoical appearance of invasive tubular & mutinous carcinoma
tubular - elongated tublues mutinous - empty spaces contain lots of mucin
44
4 types of invasive breast carcinoma
ductal - most common lobular tubular mucinous
45
most common cancer in women in UK
invasive breast carcinoma 1 in 8 risk, increases w age
46
what histological grading system
Nottingham modification of bloom-richardon system
47
score of 3-5 =?
grade 1 = well differentiated 6-7 = grade 2 = moderately 8-9 = grade 3 = poorly
48
what's the most important prognostic factor
status of axillary lymph nodes
49
what are DCIS and LCIS
neoplastic epithelial proliferation limited to ducts/lobules by basement membrane both risk factors for invasive carcinoma (DCIS higher risk) LCIS always incidental finding on biopsy
50
drug of choice for carcinoma if ER +VE
tamoxifen
51
drug of choice for carcinoma if HER2 +VE
herceptin

Path Y (81 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions