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Path Y > Histopathology 11 - Dermatopathology > Flashcards

Histopathology 11 - Dermatopathology Flashcards

1
Q

Give an example of vesiculobullous inflammation?

A

Bullous pemphigoid

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2
Q

What are the aetiological agents of bullous pemphigoid

A

IgG antibodies & complement C3 bind to hemidesmosomes of basement membrane → SUBepidermal bulla
PemphigoiD - Bullae are Deep

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3
Q

How can you confirm the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid & pemphigus vulgarisms

A 
BP = LINEAR deposits of IgG along basement membrane. SUBEPIDERMAL BULLA
PV = INTERCEULLAR depsoits of IgG - INTRAEPIDERMAL BULLA
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4
Q

What causes pemphigus vulgaris?

A

IgG Abs bind to desmoglein 1 & 3
IgG attacks between the keratin layers = acantholysis
INTRAepidermal bulla PemphiguS - Bullae are Superficial

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5
Q

On which surfaces does psoriasis tend to present?

A

Extensor

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6
Q

On which surfaces does eczema tend to present?

A

Flexor

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7
Q

What is the appearance of basal cell carcinomas?

A

Rolled, pearly-edge, central ulcer, telangiectasia

-“Rodent ulcer” as it burrows away

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8
Q

what do pre-cancerous skin cells (Bowen’s disease) look like histologically? what is It also known as?

A

/intra-epidermanlsquamous carcinoma in situ = pre-malignant
keratinocytes become pleomorphic
larger/atypical mitotic figures
all within the epidermis, basement membrane in tact

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9
Q

What is the upward spread of melanocytes known as?

A

pagetoid spread = vertical growth
junctional melanocytes are not normally maturing and dropping out of the dermis – they are moving up through the dermis instead

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10
Q

When would mitotic figues in the skin not be alarming?

A

Pregnancy

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11
Q

The Breslow thickness is used to stage which skin cancer?

A

Malignant melanoma

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12
Q

Which common skin cancer does not metastasise?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

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13
Q

Is diameter or thickness more important for malignant melanoma?

A

Thickness

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14
Q

Which patient group is most at risk of pemphigus foliaceus?

A

The elderly - but it’s rare

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15
Q

Which cells of the immune system are most involved in eczema?

A

T-cell mediated pathology

Eosinophils recruited to sites of inflammation

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16
Q

Where does fluid build in eczema?

A

Between keratinocytes

Eczema is spongiotic because there is oedema in between the keratinocytes

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17
Q

Which skin pathology appears as “silvery plaques”?

A

Psoriasis

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18
Q

Which immune-mediated skin condition causes a rapid turnover of keratinocytes?

A

Psoriasis
normal turnover is 56 days
here its 7 days

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19
Q

Which skin condition appears as white lines?

A

Lichen planus

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20
Q

Which skin condition appears as a stuck on “pigmented cauliflower”?

A

Seborrhoeic keratosis

may often get caught on clothing

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21
Q

Which skin condition forms “keratin horns”?

A

Seborrhoeic keratosis

22
Q

Describe the appearance of a sebaceous cyst?

A

transluminates, central punctum, circumscribed

23
Q

Which types of invasion is basal cell carcinoma most likely to exhibit?

A

Perineural or vascular

24
Q

What is Bowen’s disease?

A

Pre-cancerous stage of squamous cell carcinoma

25
Which type of skin cancer is most likely to become invasive?
Squamous cell carcinoma
26
What is the fancy name for a mole?
Benign junctional naevus
27
Which type of skin cancer demonstrates upward migration of melanocytes?
Malignant melanoma
28
A lump on the upper lip may be due to which type of cancer?
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma
29
describe the appearance of bullous pemphigoid? who is it most common in?
tense bull on flexor surfaces | elderly
30
describe the appearance of pemphigus vulgar?
flaccid blisters
31
what junctions are affected in BP & PV?
BP - Dermo-epidermal junction | PV- Epiderma-epidermal junction
32
what type of mediated reaction occurs in pemphigus folacieus? what layer or skin is affected?
IgG mediated | outer layer of stratum corneum shears off
33
what are the layers of the skin from top to bottom?
``` “Come, let’s get some beers” stratum corneum lucidum granulosum spinosum basale dermis ```
34
out of BP and PV which rupture easiest?
PV rupture easier
35
what type of hypersensitivity reaction is contact dermatitis? what are some precipitants?
type 4 nickel, rubber. commonly affects ear lobes and neck (from jewellery), wrist (leather watch straps), feet (from shoes)
36
what 2 processes occur in contact dermatitis
hyperparakeratosis (thickening) | lichenification
37
what's the commonest form of psoriasis? what does it look like?
chronic plaque psoriasis with salmon pink plaques with silver scale affecting extensor aspects of knees, elbows and scalp.
38
what's auspitz sign? what condition?
pinpoint bleeding under the skin's surface when psoriasis plaques are scraped/rubbed
39
what's koebnor's phenomenon? in what condition?
appearance of skin lesions on lines of trauma - psoriasis
40
what's a cardinal histological sign of psoriasis?
munro's microabscesses - collection of neutrophils in the stratum corneum
41
in what condition are Wickham striae see? how is this condition mediated?
look like white lines typically in oral mucosa in lichen planus t - cell mediated
42
what is pyoderma gangrenous? describe its appearance? what conditions is it seen in?
non-infectious ulcer that doesn't heal seen in UC & CD also arthritides
43
histopathological horn cysts are pathognomic of what condition?
seborrhoeic keratosis
44
what's a cafe au lait spot? in what condition are they commonly seen?
a form of melanocytic naevus hyper pigmented skin patch NF1
45
give a rash associated w coeliac disease. what antibody is involved and where are the bulla
dermatitis herpetiformis IgA sub-epidermal bullae
46
what's a premalignant condition that looks similar to SCC. | describe it
keratoacanthoma | grows rapidly, w a necrotic crusted core then resolves spontaneously over a few weeks
47
rough, sandpaper, scaly lesions one sun exposed areas =
actinic keratosis
48
5 features of actinic keratosis
``` SPAIN solar elastosis parakeratosis atypia inflammation not full thickness ```
49
3 premalignant skin conditions
actinic keratosis keratoacanthoma bowen's disease
50
benign skin neoplasm
sebhorreic keratosis
51
cutaneous emergency preicipitated often by sulphonamides & anticonvulsants
SJS/TEN - sheets of skin detachment | nikolsky sign +ve
52
salmon pik rash, herald patch =
pityriasis rosacea Christmas tree distribution after viral illness, resolves spontaneously

Path Y (81 decks)

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