Histopathology - Histopathology of Systemic Disease Flashcards
What can human polyomavirus 2 (john cunningham virus) in HIV positive patients lead to?
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
What is the most common opportunistic infection in HIV positive patients? What can it cause
CMV
retinitis and oesophagitis
white cotton wool exudates’ in eyes)
Which herpes virus causes kaposi sarcoma - a cancer seen in those w HIV
HHV8
What is the main histological finding in sarcoidosis?
NON-caseating granulomas
How does end-stage sarcoidosis appear on CXR?
pulmonary fbrosis - ‘honeycomb’ lung
What is a granuloma made up of?
aggregation of macrophages that forms in response to chronic inflammation.
What colour does IgG4 stain when positive?
Brown
Recall 3 non-infectious diseases caused by IgG4 inflammation
Riedel thyroiditis Autoimmune pancreatitis Mikulincz syndrome( parotid and salivary)
What is the structure of amyloid?
Beta pleated sheet that forms non-branching fibrils
always contains P component
What is the cause of AA amyloidosis?
Chronic inflammation
Which conditions are particularly implicated in the development of AA amyloidosis?
Crohn’s
Rheumatoid arthritis
What conditions can cause AL amyloidosis?
Myeloma
B cell neoplasms
What is the link between transthyretin and amyloidosis?
Transthyretin mutation can –> cardiac amyloid
What stain can be used for amyloid?
Congo red - gives green birefringence under polarised light
what unusual form of amyloid is linked to Alzheimers
beta-amyloid 42
