Histopathology - Fundamentals of histology Flashcards
What type of cell is predominant in the inflammatory process in acute appendicitis/gastritis/mastitis?
Neutrophils
What are the 4 main causes of eosinophilia?
- Allergic reactions
- Parasitic reactions
- Tumous eg Hodgkin’s disease (not a neoplasm of eosinophils but a reaction to the neoplastic process)
- Eosinophilic oesophagitis
If ‘feline contractions’ are observed in the oesophagus, what is the pathology?
Eosinophilic oesophagitis - probably due to a food allergen (“asthma of the oesophagus”)
Which cells are most associated with LATE acute inflammation and granulomas
Macrophages
What is a granuloma?
Organised collection of activated macrophages
What are the 2 most likely causes of granulomas?
Sarcoid
TB
What is a carcinoma?
Malignant tumour of epithlial cells
What are the 2 key histological features of a squamous cell carcinoma?
Keratin production
Intercellular bridges
What are the 2 key histological features of an adenocarcinoma?
Mucin production
Glands
What is the basic principle of how immuno-histochemistry works?
Use an antibody to a particular antigen in a tumour and then use stains that detect those antibodies
How do histochemical stains work?
Chemical reaction between chemicals added in the stain and the tissue that causes a change in colour
What is used to stain amyloid?
Congo red stain
How does amyloid appear under polarised light?
Apple green birefringeance
Which polymorphs have a bilobed nucleus?
Eosinophils
What is cytokeratin a marker of?
Epithelial cells - so can identify carcinomas
