Histopathology 16 - Neurodegeneration Flashcards

1
Q

Recall 4 histopatological features of a brain with Alzheimer’s dementia

A

Extracellular plaques
Neurofibrillary tangles
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Neuronal loss (cerebral atrophy)

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2
Q

What does Tau staining show in Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Hyperphosphorylation

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3
Q

How is Alzheimer’s disease diagnosed at post-mortem?

A

Tau staining

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4
Q

What grading is used to stage Alzheimer’s disease at post-mortem?

A

Braak grading

Pathological changes begin in hippocampus and spread to occipital cortex - degree of spread guides staging

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5
Q

What is the basic pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease?

A

Loss of dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra, which project onto the striatum to control movement

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6
Q

What is the role of Lewy bodies in Parkinson’s disease?

A

Cause a mutation in alpha synuclein

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7
Q

What disease are “ballroom neurons” associated with?

A

Frontotemporal dementia/ Pick’s disease

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8
Q

Which neurodegenerative disease shows 4R 3R tauopathy?

A

Alzheimer’s dementia

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9
Q

Which neurodegenerative disease shows 4R tauopathy?

A

Progressive supranuclear palsy

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10
Q

Which neurodegenerative disease shows 3R tauopathy?

A

Pick’s disease

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11
Q

Which neurodegenerative disease can be caused by a progranulin Z mutation?

A

Frontotemporal dementia (in this case there would be no tau pathology)

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