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GI Midterm 1 > Microbiology In Upper GI Tract (Quiz) > Flashcards

Microbiology In Upper GI Tract (Quiz) Flashcards

1
Q

is Bacteroides anaerobic or aerobic

A
  • anaerobic
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2
Q

is Acitnomyces anaerobic or aerobic

A
  • anaerobic
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3
Q

is Clostridium anaerobic or aerobic

A
  • anaerobic
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4
Q

what is the most common cause of infectious esophagitis

often associated with

what is its aerobic status

A
  • Candida albicans
  • uncontrolled HIV or immunocompromisation
  • facultative anaerobe
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5
Q

which are greater in number, aerobes or anerobes

A
  • anaerobes

- >1000:1

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6
Q

which are the prominent phyla of anaerobes in the GI Tract

A
  • bacteroidetes

- firmicutes

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7
Q

most anaerobic infections are

A
  • mixed infections containing both anaerobic and aerobic bacteria
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8
Q

plaque is composed of

what do they secrete

A
  • bacterial biofilms

- exopolysaccharides

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9
Q

which bacteria causes SUPRAgingival plaque associated biofilm

A
  • actinomyces

A IN SUPRA STARTS THE A HERE

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10
Q

which bacteria causes SUBgingival plaque associated biofilm

A
  • Bacteroides

B IN SUB STARTS THE B HERE

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11
Q

classification of bacteroides

A
  • gram negative
  • non-spore forming
  • anaerobic
  • bacilli
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12
Q

Bacteroides found where

A
  • oropharynx
  • intestinal tract
  • female genital tract
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13
Q

what is the most predominant bacteria found in the GI tract

esp

A
  • Bacteroides

- B. fragilis

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14
Q

what is the most common genus isolated from anaerobic infections

what specific bug

A
  • Bacteroides

- B. fragilis

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15
Q

for bacteroides to cause disease, what is required

A
  • breach of epithelial cell barrier allowing access to deeper tissues.
  • unable to invade cells or tissues itself
  • requires synergy with other bacteria
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16
Q

classification of Actinomyces species

A
  • gram positive
  • non-spore forming
  • anaerobic
  • bacilli
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17
Q

Actinomyces is usually associated with

why

are adults or children more affected

A
  • following dental procedures (odontogenous)
  • part of normal oral flora
  • adults more than children
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18
Q

Actionmyces Israelii causes

characteristics of infection

treatment

A
  • lumpy jaw
  • abscesses, mass lesion, or swelling of soft tissues
  • sulfur granules drained from them
  • long term antibiotic therapy
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19
Q

clostridium is part of what phylum

full classification of clostridium

A
  • Firmicutes
  • gram positive
  • spore forming
20
Q

products of clostridium fermentation have what characteristic

A
  • foul odor
21
Q

which clostridia are associated with gas gangrene

how can they spread

A
  • perfringens

- septicum - spread via bloodstream

22
Q

which clostridia are associated with food poisoning and wound infection

A
  • botulinum
23
Q

which clostridia are associated with antibiotic- associated diarrhea and colitis

A
  • difficile
24
Q

endotoxins are part of what type of bacteria

how so

A
  • gram negative

- part of LPS (lipid A + polysaccharide)

25
Q

what is an exotoxin

A
  • any secreted toxin
26
Q

what is an enterotoxin

A
  • a secreted toxin that targets enteric cells
27
Q

what kind of toxins do C. tetani and C. bolulinum have

A
  • A - active

- B - binding

28
Q

tetanus toxin causes what

A
  • prevents release of inhibitory neurotransmitter

- causes spasticity (tetanus spasm)

29
Q

botulinum toxin causes what

A
  • prevents release of stimulatory neurotransmitter

- causes paralysis

30
Q

toxin of C perfringens

what does it do

A
  • alpha toxin

- lecithinase degrades tissue and cell membrane

31
Q

toxins of C. difficile

what do they do

A
  • A and B toxins
  • glucosylate Rho GTPase
  • cytotoxic and inflammatory
32
Q

traumatic gas gangrene is caused by

what allows the bug to metabolize and contaminate the wound

A
  • clostridium perfringens

- tissue damage

33
Q

spontaneous gas gangrene caused by

what allows the gut to enter the bloodstream

A
  • clostridium septicum

- breaks in GI mucosa

34
Q

between traumatic gas gangrene and spontaneous gas gangrene, which is the most deadly

A
  • clostridial myonecrosis spontaneous gas gangrene

- mortality up to 100%

35
Q

what results from compromised intestinal barrier function

A
  • peritonitis
36
Q

organisms responsible for intra-abdominal infections

role of capsular polysaccharide fragment

A
  • Enterobacteriaceae

- B. fragilis - PMN recruitment

37
Q

why do we use a woundvac in treatment of anaerobic infections

A
  • allows antibiotics to penetrate better
38
Q

what antibiotics are always active against anaerobes

A
  • metronidazole
  • carbapenems
  • beta-lactams

Make Bacteria Cry

39
Q

what antibiotics are never active against anaerobes

A
  • aminoglycosides (-mycin)
  • Tmp/Smx
  • Aztreonom

Always Too Awkward so they won’t do it

40
Q

how to treat candidiasis

A
  • fluconazole
41
Q

what does H. pylori use to colonize

A
  • flagellar motility
42
Q

H. pylori replicates at pH as high as

A
  • 7.6
43
Q

how H. pylori causes damage

A
  • mucinases and injected effectors damage epithelial cells and induce inflammation
44
Q

diversity of H. pylori virulence factors

A
  • cytotoxin associated genes and type 4 secretion system genes on mobile Cag pathogenicity islands
45
Q

treatment of H. pylori

A
  • combination of antibiotics
  • proton pump inhibitors
  • bismuth subsalicylate
46
Q

low solubility of O2 and poor diffusibility means what about anaerobes

A
  • they can be really close to the surface
47
Q

appropriate specimens for collection

A
  • aspirates of abscesses, tissue, blood

GI Midterm 1 (25 decks)

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