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GI Midterm 1 > GI Immunology > Flashcards

GI Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the largest immunological organ in the body

A
  • GI tract
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2
Q

is IL-10 immunoreactive or immunosuppressive

A
  • immunosuppressive
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3
Q

is TGF-Beta immunoreactive or immunosuppressive

A
  • immunosuppressive
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4
Q

which proinflammatory cytokines that can cause disease are produced by dendritic cells

A
  • IL-6
  • IL-12
  • IL-23
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5
Q

which proinflammatory cytokines that can cause disease are produced by activated T cells

A
  • TNF-alpha
  • IFN-gamma
  • IL-17
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6
Q

GALT favors tolerance or reactivity

A
  • tolerance
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7
Q

GALT protects against which intestinal disorders

A
  • food allergy
  • celiac disease
  • IBD
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8
Q

two methods of GALT antigen uptake

A
  • antigen sampling by M cells and dendritic cells in Peyer’s Patches
  • soluble antigen uptake directly by dendritic cells
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9
Q

the importance of oral exposure to antigen

A
  • oral exposure is preset to tolerance
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10
Q

tolerance is mediated by which cells

A
  • T cells
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11
Q

the majority of immunoglobulin secreting cells are located where

A
  • the GI tract
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12
Q

in the GI tract, which immunoglobulin is synthesized most

A
  • IgA
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13
Q

IgA+ plasma cells develop where

A
  • Peyer patch germinal centers
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14
Q

IgA is secreted how

A
  • as a dimer
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15
Q

role of epithelial cells with IgA

A
  • add a secretory component
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16
Q

importance of IgA with added secretory component

A
  • highly resistant to proteolytic enzymes
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17
Q

what is the most common primary immunodeficiency

A
  • IgA deficiency
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18
Q

common symptoms of IgA deficiency

A
  • chronic diarrhea
  • ulcerative colitis
  • Chron’s disease
  • recurrent oral and mucosal infections
19
Q

antigen feeding and oral tolerance is more mediated by which antibody?

A
  • IgA
20
Q

what is the importance of regulatory T cells

A
  • immunomodulatory

- tone down inflammatory response

21
Q

defects in regulatory T cells can cause

A
  • IBD
22
Q

importance of GALT T cells in HIV infection

A
  • lots of GALT T cells depleted early in HIV infection
23
Q

what is the site within the GI tract that harbors the greatest number of microbes

why?

A
  • large intestine

- pretty low acidity

24
Q

which microorganisms are found in the upper/lower GI tract

A
  • upper - aerobic

- lower - anaerobic

25
Q

streptococci is found where in the GI

tract

A
  • stomach
26
Q

candida is found where in the GI

tract

A
  • stomach
27
Q

helicobacter is found where in the GI

tract

A
  • stomach
28
Q

E. coli is found where in the GI

tract

A
  • small intestine
29
Q

enterococci is found where in the GI

tract

A
  • small intestine
30
Q

bacteroides is found where in the GI

tract

A
  • large intestine
31
Q

bifidobacteria is found where in the GI

tract

A
  • large intestine
32
Q

clostridia is found where in the GI

tract

A
  • large intestine
33
Q

relationship between microflora function and CNS function

A
  • healthy microflora, healthy CNS
34
Q

flagella are important for

A
  • locomotion
35
Q

pili are important for

A
  • adherence
36
Q

what does bacterial flaggelin (FliC) do

A
  • stimulates innate immune response

- protects mice from rotavirus infection

37
Q

Rag-1 is important for

A
  • immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene rearrangements

- recombining activating genes (RAG)

38
Q

which is most important immune mechanism for bacterial protection from viral infection

A
  • TLR signaling
39
Q

structure of C. diff

A
  • spore-forming bacterium
40
Q

spores of C. diff

A
  • not metabolically active

- extremely stable

41
Q

function of Peyer’s patches

A
  • coordinates immune responses
42
Q

what is a tolerogenic immune response

A
  • immune system initiates anti-inflammatory response
43
Q

IL-10 is secrete by

A
  • regulatory T cells

GI Midterm 1 (25 decks)

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