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GI Midterm 1 > Fat Digestion Module (Quiz) > Flashcards

Fat Digestion Module (Quiz) Flashcards

1
Q

the fat that comes from our diet is mostly in the form of

which makes up the majority of fats

A
  • triglycerides
  • cholesterol
  • phospholipids
  • triglycerides
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2
Q

basic structure of triglyceride

A
  • glycerol + 3 fatty acids
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3
Q

the fatty acid chains make up the hydro________ portion of the lipid and the glycerol makes up for the hydro________ portion of the lipid

A
  • phobic

- philic

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4
Q

_______ are the backbone structure for all lipids and the target of enzymes that break down lipids in GI tract

A
  • triglycerides
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5
Q

which are the essential vitamins that come from dietary fat

A
  • ADEK
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6
Q

intestinal lining made up of multiple ______

A
  • villi
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7
Q

within each villus there is a series of _____ as well as a single ________ which drains into the lymphatic system

A
  • capillaries

- single lacteal

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8
Q

epithelium of each individuals villus contains a brush border of ________ which increases the absorptive surface area of intestines

A
  • microvilli
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9
Q

the challenge for lipids in the intestinal lumen

A
  • have to make them hydrophilic so they can be digested by hydrophilic enzymes and eventually absorbed
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10
Q

stages of lipid digestions

A
  • emulsification
  • lipolysis
  • micellization
  • packaging and transport of chylomicrons
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11
Q

what is emulsification

A
  • breaking up large fat globules into smaller particles
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12
Q

where is emulsification initiated?

A
  • in the small intestine
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13
Q

purpose of emulsification

A
  • increase surface area of fat particles so they can be broken down in later stages
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14
Q

bile is mostly composed of _________

A
  • water
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15
Q

what is the predominant solid portion of bile

A
  • bile salts
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16
Q

importance of bile salts being strongly ionized

A
  • allows them to be soluble
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17
Q

main phospholipid of bile

A
  • lecithin
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18
Q

which parts of the bile are soluble in water

A
  • polar parts of bile salts and lecithin molecules
19
Q

how do we make the fat soluble in water?

A
  • hydrophilic bile acid on top

- lecithin poking out

20
Q

hydrolysis of lipids is done by cleavage of ______ bond in triglycerides

A
  • ester bond
21
Q

_______ lipase is found in saliva

A
  • lingual lipase
22
Q

________ lipase is secreted by ________ cells in the stomach

works best where

A
  • gastric lipase
  • chief cells
  • acidic environments
23
Q

problem with gastric lipase

A
  • only cleave one side of the glycerol molecule
24
Q

pancreatic lipase secreted by ____________

works best where

A
  • pancreatic acinar duct cells

- alkaline environments

25
Q

benefits of pancreatic lipase

A
  • cleaves both sides of glycerol molecule
26
Q

which lipase performs majority of lipolysis

A
  • pancreatic lipase
27
Q

what can inhibit lipases

how

A
  • bile acids

- displaces lipase from fatty acid droplets

28
Q

where is colipase secreted

A
  • pancreatic acinar cells
29
Q

purpose of colipase

A
  • binds bile acids and lipase

- stabilizes presence of lipase on surface fat droplets to restore lipolytic activity

30
Q

what is the purpose of micellization

A
  • get the fat droplet into the intestinal epithelial cells
31
Q

what can accumulation of free fatty acids in the intestinal lumen do

A
  • block further lipolysis and digestion
32
Q

what is critical micellar concentration

A
  • concentration of bile salt at which micelle formation occurs
33
Q

composition of micelle

A
  • fatty acids inside

- polar and water soluble surface

34
Q

composition of intestinal brush border

A
  • slightly acidic unstirred water later

- brush border membrane

35
Q

can single fatty acids get through the unstirred water layer

A
  • no
36
Q

purpose of acidity of unstirred water layer

A
  • releases fatty acids from micelles
37
Q

majority of absorption of fatty acids into intestinal bilayer done by

how about for larger molecules like cholesterol

A
  • diffusion

- needs membrane proteins

38
Q

are micelles truly required for fat absorption

what is their purpose

A
  • no

- increase efficiency

39
Q

purpose of chylomicron formation

A
  • prevent free fatty acids from diffusing back across intestinal epithelium
40
Q

metabolic trapping packages free fatty acids into

A
  • triglyerides
  • cholesterol esters
  • phospholipids
  • fat-soluble vitamins
41
Q

reassembled lipids coated with proteins known as

purpose

A
  • apolipoproteins

- chylomicron formation and export

42
Q

resulting chylomicron transported where

by what process

A
  • basolateral membrane of enterocyte

- exocytosis

43
Q

can chylomicrons go directly into circulation?

where do they enter?

A
  • no. too big

- lacteal within a villus

44
Q

intestinal lacteals drain into the

which drains into

A
  • thoracic lymphatic duct

- subclavian veins

GI Midterm 1 (25 decks)

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