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GI Midterm 1 > Clinico-pathology of Gastric Disease (On Quiz) > Flashcards

Clinico-pathology of Gastric Disease (On Quiz) Flashcards

1
Q

gastric pits and glands in the stomach are lined by what kind of cells

A
  • simple columnar mucous cells
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2
Q

are parietal cells located higher or lower in the gastric glands?

what about chief cells?

A
  • parietal - higher

- chief - lower

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3
Q

where does H. pylori live

does it adhere to intestinal cells?

A
  • layer of mucous adherent to gastric pit cells

- no. it does not.

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4
Q

what’s the purpose of H. pylori utilizing urea

A
  • converting it into ammonia and buffering local pH of the stomach
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5
Q

how do we stain H. pylori

A
  • silver stain
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6
Q

how does H. pylori cause pathogenesis problems

what virulent factors does it have

A
  • epithelial cells injury
  • proteases
  • ammonia
  • cytotoxins
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7
Q

what is acute gastritis

A
  • acute inflammation of the mucosa
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8
Q

how do burns cause acute gastritis

A
  • curling ulcer

- decrease fluid volume leads to mucosal hypoxia

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9
Q

how does brain trauma cause acute gastritis

A
  • Cushing ulcer

- increased vagal nerve firing increases gastric acid secretion

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10
Q

causes of acute gastritis

A
  • drugs
  • infection
  • complications of other diseases
  • mucosal damage
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11
Q

causes of chronic gastritis

A
  • infectious

- autoimmune

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12
Q

what are chronic inflammatory cells

A
  • lymphocytes
  • plasma cells
  • macrophages
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13
Q

what do we see in gross pathology and histology of chronic gastritis

A
  • chronic inflammation
  • atrophy of gastric glands and rugal folds
  • intestinal metaplasia
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14
Q

how is autoimmune chronic gastritis caused

A
  • autoantibody to parietal cell proteins
  • leads to chronic inflammation
  • destruction of parietal cells
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15
Q

result of autoimmune chronic gastritis

A
  • gastric gland atropy
  • decreased acid production
  • decreased intrinsic factor
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16
Q

result of decreased intrinsic factor

A
  • decreased B12 absorption leads to pernicious anemia
17
Q

what is peptic ulcer disease

where do they most occur

how far does it go into those areas

A
  • chronic ulcers in GI tract exposed to pepsin-acid luminal contents
  • duodenum and stomach
  • penetrates through muscularis mucosa into submucosa
18
Q

causes of peptic ulcer disease

result

A
  • H. pylori
  • NSAIDs
  • increased gastric acid
  • combine with acid and pepsin to cause epithelial cell necrosis
19
Q

importance of the mucus layer in gastroduodenal defense

A
  • creates a pH gradient between stomach lumen and surface of epithelial cells
  • protects cells from action of pepsin
20
Q

importance of prostaglandins in gastroduodenal defense

A
  • stimulate bicarbonate and mucus secretion
21
Q

how many ulcers in peptic ulcer disease

what does it look like

A
  • generally just one

- smooth base and flat margins “cookie cutter”

22
Q

4 characteristic zones of an active ulcer

A
  • fibrinopurulent exudate
  • necrotic tissue
  • granulation tissue
  • fibrotic tissue/scar
23
Q

complication of peptic ulcer

A
  • hemorrhage
  • perforation
  • obstruction
24
Q

how does Zollinger-Ellision disease occur

A
  • gastronoma in pancreas secretes gastrin.

- increases gastric HCl secretion which leads to severe peptic ulceration

25
Q

how does Menetrier disease occur

A
  • hyperplasia of gastric pit mucus cells
  • increased mucus secretion
  • causes thick rugae in cerebriform pattern
26
Q

MALT causes which cancer

A
  • low grade B cell lymphoma
27
Q

smooth muscle causes which cancer

is this benign or malignant

A
  • Leiomyoma

- benign

28
Q

how does an ulcerating malignancy compare to a peptic ulcer

A
  • ulcerating has more irregular sides and looks more jagged

- not cookie cutter

29
Q

left supraclavicular nodes are called

A
  • Virchow node
30
Q

periumbilical nodes are called

A
  • Sister Mary Joseph nodes
31
Q

Krukenberg tumor is of what organ

A
  • ovary
32
Q

2 Types of Gastric Adenocarcinomas

which is associated with forming glands

A
  • diffuse type

- intestinal type - forms glands

33
Q

Diffuse Type gastric adenocarcinomas arise from

can result in

A
  • gastric mucous cells

- Linitis Plastica

34
Q

Intestinal Type gastric adenocarcinomas arise from

A
  • metaplastic intestinal epithelial cells
35
Q

causes of gastric lymphoma

A
  • H. pylori infection

- expansion of MALT due to chronic inflammation

36
Q

what do you see on histology with gastric lymphomas

A
  • lymphocytes destroy and replace glands

GI Midterm 1 (25 decks)

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