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GI Midterm 1 > Embryology of GI Tract > Flashcards

Embryology of GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

what weeks are the embryonic period

A
  • weeks 3-8
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2
Q

what happens in the fetal period

A
  • growth and maturation
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3
Q

what is the result of injury during the embryonic period

A
  • major congenital anomalies
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4
Q

when are the three germ layers formed?

A
  • week 3
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5
Q

we begin week 4 as what kind of embryo

A
  • flat embryo
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6
Q

what does longitudinal folding do

A
  • moves the heart in the new thorax
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7
Q

what does transverse folding do

A
  • creates a 3D trunk
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8
Q

transverse folding creates the GI tract from what

A
  • yolk sac
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9
Q

GI tract lies where

A
  • peritoneal cavity
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10
Q

GI tract suspended by

A
  • mensentaries
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11
Q

what happens with the dorsal mesentary

A
  • remains

- suspends GI tract

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12
Q

what does the dorsal mesentery contain

A
  • vasculature
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13
Q

what happens with the ventral mesentary

A
  • disappears except in upper abdomen (liver)
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14
Q

what is a mesentery

A
  • connective tissue that suspends GI tract in peritoneal cavity and attaches to abdominal wall
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15
Q

what does the mesentery carry

A
  • blood and nerve supply to suspended organs
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16
Q

what germ layer creates the liver, pancreas, and epithelium of the GI tract

A
  • endoderm
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17
Q

what germ layer creates the connective tissue and muscle of viscera

A
  • lateral endoderm
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18
Q

what does the foregut become

A
  • pharynx
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • part of duodenum
  • pancreas
  • liver
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19
Q

what does the midgut become

A
  • duodenum
  • jejunum
  • ileum
  • cecum
  • ascending colon
  • 2/3 of transverse colon
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20
Q

what does the hindgut become

A
  • rest of transverse colon
  • descending colon
  • sigmoid colon
  • rectum
  • cranial anal canal
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21
Q

what vascularizes the foregut

except

A
  • celiac trunk

- NOT PHARYNX

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22
Q

what vascularizes the midgut

A
  • superior mesenteric artery
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23
Q

what vascularizes the hindgut

A
  • inferior mesenteric artery
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24
Q

the entire GI tract begins as a

A
  • tube
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25
Q

how does the midgut form

A
  • extends out (herniates) as a loop into the umbilical cord
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26
Q

what happens to the cranial limb of the midgut

A
  • grows long and forms folds
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27
Q

what does the cranial limb of the midgut become

A
  • small intestines
28
Q

what happens to the caudal limb of the midgut

A
  • doesn’t grow long
29
Q

what does the caudal limb of the midgut become

A
  • proximal large intestines
30
Q

when do the cranial and caudal limb of the midgut retune to the abdominal cavity

which goes first

then what happens

A
  • week 10
  • cranial before caudal
  • they rotate into final positions
31
Q

development of the tract - specifically the tube

A
  • originally patent (open lumen)
  • fills in (closed lumen)
  • recanalizes (open lumen)
32
Q

in patients with which condition do we also see duodenal atresia

A
  • down syndrome
33
Q

pathogenesis of duodenal atresia

A
  • failure of recanalization
34
Q

clinical symptoms of duodenal atresia

A
  • bilious vomiting
35
Q

x ray of duodenal atresia

A
  • double bubble
36
Q

what is atresia

A
  • absence of or narrowing of opening or passage in the body
37
Q

congenital pyloric stenosis - common or uncommon

A
  • common in males
38
Q

pathogenesis of congenital pyloric stenosis

A
  • pyloric wall hypertrophy
39
Q

clinical symptoms of congenital pyloric stenosis

A
  • palpable mass

- projective non-bilious vomiting

40
Q

pathogenesis of umbilical hernia

A
  • after intestines return to abdomen in week 10, they reherniate through imperfectly closed umbilicus
41
Q

what does a umbilical hernia look like

A
  • midline protrusion containing small quality of abdominal contents
  • covered by skin
42
Q

omphalocele pathogenesis

A
  • persistence of herniated intestines that do not return to abdomen in week 10
43
Q

what does omphalocele look like

A
  • midline protrusion at navel containing intestines

- covered by peritoneum-like transparent sac

44
Q

gastroschisis pathogenesis

A
  • abdominal walls fails to close after intestines return to abdomen
45
Q

what does gastroschisis look like

A
  • protrusion of GI tract near but not in midline

- not covered by skin or peritoneum

46
Q

meckel’s diverticulum epidemiology

A
  • most common congenital anomaly of GI tract
47
Q

pathogenesis of meckel’s diverticulum

A
  • remnant of vitelline duct
48
Q

what is the vitelline duct

A
  • temporary structure that joins yolk sac to developing midgut
49
Q

anatomy of meckel’s diverticulum

A
  • distal small intestine
  • 2 ft from ileocecal junction
  • 2 inches long
50
Q

histopathogloy of meckel’s diverticulum

A
  • may have gastric epithelium or pancreatic tissue lining
51
Q

clinical symptoms of meckel’s diverticulum

A
  • bleeding, intussusception, volvulus, obstruction in first 2 years of life
52
Q

Hirschsprung’s disease etiology

A
  • absence of innervation in wall of distal GI
53
Q

pathogenesis of Hirschsprung’s disease

A
  • normal migration of neural crest cells that would become ANS neurons does not occur into distal colon or rectum
54
Q

what do we see in the aganglionic area in Hirschsprung’s disease

A
  • constricted
55
Q

what do we see in the proximal area in Hirschsprung’s disease

A
  • dilated

- can become congenital megacolon

56
Q

clinical symptoms of Hirschsprung’s disease

A
  • failure to pass meconium

- constipation

57
Q

liver develops from

A
  • ventral mesentary
58
Q

ventral mesentery composed of

A
  • falciform ligament

- hepatogastric ligament

59
Q

where is the falciform ligament relative to the liver

A
  • anterior to liver
60
Q

where is the hepatogastric ligament relative to the liver

A
  • posterior to liver
61
Q

what happens to the liver as it enlarges during development

causes

A
  • rotates into right abdominal area

- rotation of stomach and spleen into final orientations and locations

62
Q

what does the pancreas arise from

A
  • ventral and dorsal pancreatic bud of mesentary
63
Q

ventral bud of pancreas arises from same invagination as

A
  • liver

- bile duct/gallbladder

64
Q

which bud of the pancreas fuses with which

where

A
  • ventral rotates and fuses with dorsal

- on left side of GI tract

65
Q

what does the ventral bud of the pancreas become

A
  • head of pancreas
  • main pancreatic duct
  • carries bile with it
66
Q

what does the dorsal bud of the pancreas become

A
  • head, body and tail of pancreas
67
Q

as the liver and other organs develop and grow in the mesentery, what happens to the pancreas

A
  • pushed until it lies along left posterior abdominal wall

- fuses in place and becomes retroperitoneal

GI Midterm 1 (25 decks)

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