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GI Midterm 1 > Gastric Acid Secretion Module (Quiz) > Flashcards

Gastric Acid Secretion Module (Quiz) Flashcards

1
Q

gastric acid is the form of

A
  • hydrochloric acid
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2
Q

gastric acids secreted from _______ cells within the ______ glands of the _______.

A
  • parietal cells
  • oxyntic glands
  • stomach
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3
Q

what happens to the parietal cell as it goes from resting state to secreting state

A
  • changes its configuration
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4
Q

parietal cell at rest

A
  • apical H+/K+ ATPase sequestered in tubulovesicles inside parietal cell
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5
Q

what happens to the tubulovesicles when the parietal cell is stimulated to secrete acid

A
  • fuse with intracellular canaliculi
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6
Q

what happens when the tubulovesicles fuse with the intracellular canaliculi

A
  • bulk of microvilli increases dramatically to accommodate proton pumps
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7
Q

why do the bulk of microvilli increase dramatically to accommodate proton pumps

A
  • increases surface area of parietal cell that faces lumen of stomach
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8
Q

acid in the stomach is generated through activity of

what is produced

A
  • carbonic anhydrase

- protons and bicarbonate

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9
Q

exchange of the apical H/K-ATPase made possible by basolateral _______.

The secretion of ______ into the lumen is accompanied by the release of _____ into the bloodstream via the ______ antiporter

A
  • Na/K ATPase
  • protons
  • bicarbonate
  • Cl/HCO3
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10
Q

result of flux of bicarb ions into the blood

name for this

A
  • increase pH of gastric venous blood

- alkaline tide

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11
Q

principal stimuli of acid secretion from parietal cells

A
  • acetylcholine
  • histamine
  • gastrin
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12
Q

_______ and ______ promote secretion by elevating cytosolic free calcium concentration

A
  • gastrin

- acetylcholine

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13
Q

_______ promotes acid secretion through intracellular cAMP

A
  • histamine
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14
Q

the ______ aspect of the parietal cell membrane holds receptors for agonists for acid secretion

A
  • basolateral
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15
Q

acetylcholine released by nerve endings from the _______ nerve activates the _______ receptor

A
  • vagus nerve

- M3 muscarinic receptor

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16
Q

histamine is released from the ________ and acts in a _______ fashion to stimulate ______ receptor

A
  • ECL cells
  • paracrine fashion
  • H2 histamine receptor
17
Q

gastrin is produced by _________ and travels via the bloodstream in an ________ fashion to agonize the ________ receptor on the _______ cell

A
  • antral G cells
  • endocrine
  • gastrin receptor
  • parietal cell
18
Q

another name for gastrin receptor

A
  • CCK-B receptor
19
Q

both _____ and ______ stimulate ECL cells to _________

A
  • gastrin and acetylcholine

- produce histamine

20
Q

another name for GRP

released from

A
  • bombesin

- enteric nerves

21
Q

additional stimuli for gastrin secretion

A
  • peptides and amino acids (protein breakdown products)

- gastric distention

22
Q

phases of gastric acid secretion

A
  • cephalic phase
  • gastric phase
  • intestinal phase
23
Q

gastric juice pH before cephalic phase (during interdigestive phase)

A

<2

24
Q

the cephalic phase is characterized by

A
  • vagal stimulation of acid production
25
Q

vagus nerve in cephalic phase stimulated by

A
  • smell, taste
  • chewing
  • swallowing
  • hypoglycemia
  • conditioned reflexes
26
Q

gastric phase accounts for _____ of acid production in response to a meal

A
  • 50%
27
Q

gastrin release inhibited at a pH ____ and eliminated at a pH _____

A

<3

<2

28
Q

distention of stomach stimulates ______ to activate ______ pathways to increase acid production

A
  • mechanoreceptors

- 2 neural reflex pathways

29
Q

which are the short neural reflex pathways

A
  • pyloro-pyloric
30
Q

pyloro-pyloric located where

A
  • wall of stomach
31
Q

pyloro-pyloric involve _______ neurons

A
  • single neurons or intermediary neurons
32
Q

which are the long reflex pathways

A
  • vagovagal reflex
33
Q

afferent signals in vagovagal reflex carried from _______ to _________

efferent signals carried from ________ to _______ to ________

A
  • from stomach to vagal nucleus

- carried from vagal nucleus back to stomach to increase acid production

34
Q

what happens during the intestinal phase of gastric acid production

A
  • protein breakdown products stimulate duodenal G cells to produce gastrin

GI Midterm 1 (25 decks)

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