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GI Midterm 1 > Embryology of Orofacial Structures > Flashcards

Embryology of Orofacial Structures Flashcards

1
Q

orofacial and neck structures begin development during what weeks

A

4-8

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2
Q

what is another name for pharyngeal arch

A
  • branchial arch
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3
Q

what are bulges called?

A
  • arches
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4
Q

what are external invaginations between two arches

formed by

A
  • clefts/grooves

- ectoderm

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5
Q

what are internal invaginations between two arches

formed by

A
  • pouches

- endoderm

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6
Q

what is tissue separating cleft and pouch

A
  • membrane
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7
Q

what are ventrolateral bulges in the area between the brain and thorax

A
  • pharyngeal arches
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8
Q

how many pairs of pharyngeal arches

A
  • 6

- the fifth disappears so 5

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9
Q

pharyngeal arches arise in which week of development

A
  • 4
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10
Q

pharyngeal arches give rise to which parts of the body

A
  • lower 2/3 of face
  • oral cavity
  • ear
  • neck
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11
Q

external layer of pharyngeal arches derived from

A
  • ectoderm
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12
Q

filling/core of pharyngeal arches derived from

which forms

A
  • mesoderm - muscle, blood vessels

- neural crest - skeletal tissues

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13
Q

what does the neural crest have to do to get into the pharyngeal arches

what happens if it doesn’t do this

A
  • migrate

- orofacial anomalies

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14
Q

internal lining (GI tract lining) of pharyngeal arch derived from

A
  • endoderm
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15
Q

pharyngeal arch innervation by cranial nerves:

1
2
3
4
6
A 
1 -> 5
2 -> 7
3 -> 9
4 -> 10
6 -> 10
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16
Q

face is derived from 5 ________ that meet at the ______-

A
  • prominences/processes

- meet at the mouth

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17
Q

what is the mouth called early in development

A
  • stomadeum
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18
Q

which processes make up the face

A
  • frontonasal
  • maxillary
  • mandibular
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19
Q

maxillary and manidibular processes arise from which branchial arch

A
  • branchial/pharyngeal arch 1
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20
Q

name for pharyngeal arch 1

A
  • mandibular arch
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21
Q

what does pharyngeal arch 1 form

A
  • lower 2/3 of face
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22
Q

pharyngeal arch 1 subdivides around the _________ to form the _______ and _________

A
  • subdivides around oral cavity

- form upper/lower lip and jaws

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23
Q

maxillary process forms _______ of face

A
  • mid 1/3 of face
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24
Q

mandibular process forms _______ of face

A
  • lower 1/3 of face
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25
Q

skeletal derivatives of maxillary process

A
  • upper jaw
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26
Q

skeletal derivates of mandibular process

begins as

A
  • lower jaw, bones of ear

- Meckel cartilage

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27
Q

muscle derivates of pharyngeal arch 1

A
  • muscles of mastication
  • mylohyoid
  • anterior belly digastric
  • tensor tympani
  • tensor veli palatini
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28
Q

how does the lower lip and jaw form

A
  • from arch 1 mandibular processes fusing in midline
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29
Q

how does the upper lip and jaw form

A
  • maxillary process of arch 1 with medial nasal processes
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30
Q

lip composed of

A
  • middle 1/3 philtrum

- lateral 1/3

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31
Q

middle 1/3 philtrum of upper lip and jaw formed from

A
  • frontonasal process
32
Q

lateral 1/3 of upper lip and jaw formed from

A
  • maxillary process
33
Q

what cavities does the palate separate

A
  • nasal and oral
34
Q

3 areas fuse in a __ shape to form the palate

A
  • Y-shape
35
Q

track the processes that form the upper lip and jaw

A
  • medial nasal -> median palatine -> primary palate

- maxillary -> lateral palatine -> secondary palate

36
Q

the lateral palatine processes elevate from vertical to horizontal over the tongue around what weeks

A
  • weeks 8-9
37
Q

causes of cleft lip and palate

A
  • genetic + teratogens
38
Q

incomplete clefts mean

A
  • partial lack of fusion
39
Q

complete clefts mean

A
  • total lack of fusion
40
Q

cleft lip is ______ to incisive foramen

A
  • anterior
41
Q

clef palate is ______ to incisive foramen

A
  • posterior
42
Q

another name for pharyngeal arch 2

A
  • hyoid arch
43
Q

pharyngeal arch 2 starts with

A
  • reichert cartilage
44
Q

pharyngeal arch 2 skeletal derivatives

A
  • hyoid
  • stylohyoid ligament
  • styloid
  • stapes
45
Q

muscle derivatives of pharyngeal arch 2

A
  • muscles of fascial expression
  • posterior belly digastric
  • stylohyoid
  • stapedius
46
Q

skeletal derivatives of pharyngeal arch 3 starts with

A
  • cartilage
47
Q

skeletal derivatives of pharyngeal arch 3

A
  • hyoid
48
Q

muscle derivates of pharyngeal arch 3

A
  • stylopharyngeus
49
Q

skeletal derivatives of pharyngeal arches 4 and 6 start with

A
  • cartilage
50
Q

skeletal derivatives of pharyngeal arches 4 and 6

A
  • laryngeal cartilages:
  • thyroid
  • cricoic
  • arytenoids
  • corniculate
  • cuneiform
51
Q

muscle derivates of pharyngeal arch 4

A
  • pharyngeal constrictor group
  • cricothyroid
  • levator veli palatini
52
Q

muscle derivates of pharyngeal arch 6

A
  • all laryngeal except cricothyroid
53
Q

pharyngeal arch 1 has which artery

A
  • part of maxillary
54
Q

pharyngeal arch 2 has which artery

A
  • stapedial
55
Q

pharyngeal arch 3 has which artery

A
  • common carotid

- part of internal carotid

56
Q

pharyngeal arch 4 has which artery

A
  • right subclavian

- left arch of aorta

57
Q

pharyngeal arch 6 has which artery

A
  • pulmonary arteries
58
Q

which pharyngeal arches contribute to parts of the tongue

A
  • 1, 3, 4
59
Q

arch 1 contributes to which portion of the tongue

A
  • anterior 2/3
60
Q

cranial nerve for touch/temp in anterior 2/3 of tongue is what

A
  • 5
61
Q

cranial nerve for taste in anterior 2/3 of tongue for taste is what

A
  • 7
62
Q

pharyngeal arch 3 contributes to what portion of the tongue

A
  • Posterior 1/3
63
Q

pharyngeal arch 4 contributes to what portion of the tongue

A
  • base + epiglottis
64
Q

muscles inside tongue are innervated by what cranial nerve

A
  • 12
65
Q

pharyngeal groove/cleft 1 will form the

A
  • external acoustic meatus
66
Q

what forms the smooth neck contour

A
  • overgrowth of arch 2 covering up grooves 2-4
67
Q

as overgrowth of arch 2 occurs, what is temporarily created

what happens if that fails to close

A
  • cervical sinus

- branchial cleft cyst

68
Q

pharyngeal pouch 1 forms

A
  • eustachian tube
69
Q

pharyngeal pouch 2 forms

A
  • palatine tonsil
70
Q

pharyngeal pouch 3 forms

A
  • thymus

- inferior parathyroids

71
Q

pharyngeal pouch 4 forms

A
  • superior parathyroids
72
Q

which pharyngeal pouches do not develop normally in DiGeorge syndrome

A
  • 3 and 4
73
Q

pharyngeal membrane 1 becomes what

A
  • tympanic membrane
74
Q

pharyngeal arch 1 and 2 forms what part of the ear

A
  • auricle=pinna
75
Q

what is the ear congenital anomaly that is a remnant from formation of auricle

A
  • preauricular tag
76
Q

what is the ear congenital anomaly that is small, malformed auricle

A
  • microtia
77
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome is especially important if fetus is exposed during what weeks of development

A
  • 4-8

GI Midterm 1 (25 decks)

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