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GI Midterm 1 > Anterior Abdominal Wall and the Inguinal Region > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall and the Inguinal Region Flashcards

1
Q

draw out the regions of the abdominal wall

A

Right hypochondriac I Epigastric I Left Hypochondriac
Right Lumbar I Umbilical I Left Lumbar
Right Inguinal I Pubic (hypogastric) I Left Inguinal

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2
Q

which plane separating the 9 regions passes through the 10th costal cartilage

A
  • subcostal
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3
Q

which plane separating the 9 regions passes through the iliac tubercles (crest)

A
  • transtubercular
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4
Q

which plane separating the 9 regions passes midline of the clavicle to the mid-inguinal region

A
  • midclavicular lines
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5
Q

which plane separating the 4 quadrants passes through the umbilicus at L4

A
  • transumbilical
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6
Q

which plane separating the 4 quadrants is the vertical plane that divides the body into right and left halves

A
  • median plane
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7
Q

functions of muscles of the abdominal wall

A
  • move the trunk
  • help maintain posture
  • protect underlying abdominal viscera
  • maintain or increase intra-abdominal pressures to assist with bodily functions
  • assist in respiration
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8
Q

the 5 muscles of the anterior abdominal wall

A
  • external oblique
  • internal oblique
  • transversus abdominis
  • rectus abdominis
  • pyramidalis
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9
Q

which muscles of the anterior abdominal wall are enclosed in the rectus sheath

A
  • rectus abdominis

- pyramidalis

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10
Q

which muscles make up most of the anterior and lateral walls of the abdomen

A
  • external oblique
  • internal oblique
  • transversus abdominis
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11
Q

each of the three muscles have large, flat ______ which constitute most of the anterior abdominal wall and contribute to the formation of the _______

A
  • aponeuroses

- form the rectus sheath

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12
Q

the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall are all innervated by

A
  • thoracoabdominal nerves
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13
Q

which muscle of the anterior abdominal wall is the largest and most superficial

A
  • external oblique
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14
Q

external oblique muscles course ________ and transform into an aponeurosis at the ________

A
  • inferomedially

- mid-clavicular line

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15
Q

the thickened ______ edge of the aponeurosis fo the external oblique forms the _________

A
  • thickened, inferior edge

- forms the inguinal ligament

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16
Q

the inguinal ligament attaches laterally to __________ and medially to _________

A
  • laterally to the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

- medially to the pubic tubercle

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17
Q

internal oblique fibers fan out and also become aponeurotic where

A
  • mid clavicular line
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18
Q

all three flat muscles of the abdominal wall attach centrally to

A
  • linea alba
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19
Q

what are long, strap like vertical muscle that are separated by the linea alba

A
  • rectus abdominis
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20
Q

rectus abdominis is enclosed within the

A
  • rectus sheath
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21
Q

tendinous intersections within the muscles are sites of

A
  • attachment to the overlying rectus sheath
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22
Q

what muscle is very small and tenses the linea alba

A
  • pyramidalis
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23
Q

wha muscles forms most of the posterior abdominal wall

A
  • psoas major and minor
  • iliacus
  • quadratus lumborum
  • diaphragm
  • transversus abdominis
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24
Q

the psoas major and ilacus muscle unite to form the _____

A
  • iliopsoas muscle
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25
Q

what muscle is the primary flexor of the hip

A
  • iliopsoas muscle
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26
Q

what muscle laterally flexes the vertebral column and serves as a “hip hiker”

A
  • quadratus lumborum
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27
Q

the caval opening for the inferior vena cava is at what vertebrae level

A
  • T8
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28
Q

the esophageal hiatus for passage of the ESOPHAGUS and VAGUS nerve is located at which vertebrae level

A
  • T10
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29
Q

the aortic hiatus where the aorta passes through is located at which vertebrae level

A
  • T12
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30
Q

what layer of the abdominal wall lies beneath the skin and is superficial to the abdominal muscles

A
  • superficial fascia
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31
Q

what are the two components of the superficial fascia

A
  • superficial layer (camper’s)

- deep membranous (scarpa’s)

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32
Q

which layer is the subcutaneous layer of fat

A
  • camper’s fascia
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33
Q

which layer is the tough fibrous layer just deep to the overlying fatty layer

A
  • scarpa’s fascia
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34
Q

what layer of fat lies deep to the muscles

A
  • transversalis fascia
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35
Q

which layer of fat is a thin serous membrane that lines the inside of the abdominal cavity

A
  • peritoneum
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36
Q

layers of the abdominal wall from external to internal

A
  • skin
  • camper’s fascia
  • scarpa’s fascia
  • external oblique
  • internal oblique
  • tranversus abdominus
  • transversalis fascia
  • peritoneum
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37
Q

what is a strong fibrous compartment surrounding the rectus abdominis muscles along the anterior aspect of the abdominal wall

A
  • rectus sheath
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38
Q

the rectus sheath is formed by the interweaving aponeuroses of

A
  • external oblique
  • internal oblique
  • transversus abdominis
39
Q

what do the aponeurosis of the rectus sheath look like in the superior aspect of the abdominal wall (above the arcuate line)

A
  • completely surround the rectus abdominis
40
Q

what do the aponeurosis of the rectus sheath look like in the above an inch below the umbilicus (below the arcuate line)

A
  • course anterior to the rectus abdominis
41
Q

what is the single midline fold created by the median umbilical ligament that is an obliterated remnant of the urachus

A
  • median umbilical fold
42
Q

median umbilical fold is an obliterated remnant of the

A
  • urachus
43
Q

what is the urachus

A
  • fetal connection between bladder and umbilicus
44
Q

what are the paired folds created by the medial umbilical ligaments that are remnants of the umbilical arteries

A
  • medial umbilical folds
45
Q

medial umbilical folds are remnants of obliterated

A
  • fetal umbilical arteries
46
Q

what are the two paired folds created by the underlying inferior epigastric vessels

A
  • lateral umbilical folds
47
Q

what is the remnant of the obliterated umbilical vein that extends from the umbilicus to the liver

A
  • round ligament of the liver
48
Q

what covers the round ligament of the liver

A
  • falciform ligament
49
Q

what is the double layer of peritoneum that reflects between the liver and the anterior abdominal wall

A
  • falciform ligament
50
Q

superior epigastrics form from

A
  • the internal thoracic artery
51
Q

inferior epigastrics form from

A
  • the external iliac artery
52
Q

both the epigastric vessels anastomose with each other within ________

A
  • the rectus abdominis muscle
53
Q

the ventral rami of the thoracic spinal nerves innervate the abdominal wall at what levels

A
  • T7-L1
54
Q

what is another name for T7-T12

A
  • thoracoabdominal nerves
55
Q

what is another name for the ventral ramus of T12

A
  • subcostal nerve
56
Q

L1 ventral ramus divides into two named nerves

A
  • iliohypogastric nerve

- ilioinguinal nerve

57
Q

which nerve passes through much of the inguinal canal

A
  • ilioinguinal nerve
58
Q

what is an oblique passageway that passes through the inferior abdominal wall which allows structures to pass between the abdominopelvic cavity and perineum (external genital region)

A
  • inguinal canal
59
Q

what are the two openings to the inguinal canal

A
  • deep inguinal ring

- superficial inguinal ring

60
Q

which opening to the inguinal canal is located inside the abdominal wall

A
  • deep inguinal ring
61
Q

which opening to the inguinal canal is an opening in the medial aspect of the aponeurosis of the external oblique

A
  • superficial inguinal ring
62
Q

the main structure of males traversing the inguinal canal is the

A
  • spermatic cord
63
Q

the main structure of females traversing the inguinal canal is the

A
  • round ligament of the uterus
64
Q

which nerve of both sexes also traverses through much of the inguinal canal ultimately innervating the skin of the scrotum in males and labia major in females

A
  • ilioinguinal nerve
65
Q

what is a potential area of weakness in males due to passage of the spermatic cord

A
  • inguinal canal
66
Q

the inferior aspect of the aponeurosis of the external oblique forms the

A
  • inguinal ligament
67
Q

what is the fusion of the aponeuroses of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis as they insert onto the pubic crest

A
  • conjoint tendon
68
Q

what contains the neurovasculature of the testes and the ductus defers (vas deferents)

A
  • spermatic cords
69
Q

the testicles begin their development where

A
  • within the abdominal cavity
70
Q

the testicles begin their development within the abdominal cavity and descend into the scrotum attached and pulled by

A
  • the gubernaculum
71
Q

what is the out pocketing of the peritoneum that protrudes into the scrotum along with the testicle and its neurovasculature

what happens to it later

A
  • processes vaginalis

- later degenerates

72
Q

the external spermatic fascia forms from the

A
  • external oblique
73
Q

the middle spermatic fascia forms from the

A
  • internal oblique
74
Q

another name for middle spermatic fascia

A
  • cremasteric
75
Q

the internal spermatic fascia forms from the

A
  • transversalis fascia
76
Q

does the transverses abdominis provide a layer to the spermatic cord?

A

NO

77
Q

the remaining aspect of the processes vaginalis that does not degenerate that surrounds the anterolateral aspect of the testicle

A
  • tunica vaginalis
78
Q

what is the branch of the aorta that vascularizes the testicle

A
  • testicular artery
79
Q

what is the fibromuscular tube that transmits sperm from the testicle to the pelvis

A
  • ductus (vas) deferens
80
Q

what helps with venous drainage of the testicle

what is its role

A
  • pampiniform plexus of the veins

- thermoregulation

81
Q

what innervates the cremaster muscle and causes the cremaster reflex

A
  • genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
82
Q

what is a protrusion of a visceral structure into a space that it doesn’t normally occupy

A
  • hernia
83
Q

what is an indirect inguinal hernia

A
  • a congenital defect
84
Q

what is a direct inguinal hernia

A
  • abdominal wall/fascia weakness
85
Q

what type of hernia most often occurs in children

A
  • indirect inguinal
86
Q

what type of hernia follows the path of the spermatic cord through the deep and superficial rings resulting in contents pushed into the scrotum

A
  • indirect inguinal
87
Q

what type of hernia most often occurs in middle aged males

A
  • direct inguinal
88
Q

what type of hernia allows viscera to protrude through the medial end of the inguinal canal result in contents outside of the spermatic cord

A
  • direct inguinal
89
Q

the inguinal ligament is what aspect of the inguinal (Hesselbach’s) triangle

A
  • inferior
90
Q

the epigastric vessels are what aspect of the inguinal (Hesselbach’s) triangle

A
  • lateral
91
Q

the rectus abdominis is what aspect of the inguinal (Hesselbach’s) triangle

A

medial

92
Q

direct inguinal hernia’s protrude ______ to the epigastric vessels and through the _____

A
  • medial

- inguinal triangle

93
Q

indirect inguinal hernias protrude _________ to the epigastric vessels and down the ______

A
  • lateral

- deep ring

GI Midterm 1 (25 decks)

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