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GI Midterm 1 > Gastric, Small Intestinal, and Colonic Motility Module (Quiz) > Flashcards

Gastric, Small Intestinal, and Colonic Motility Module (Quiz) Flashcards

1
Q

anatomic divisions of the stomach

A
  • fundus
  • corpus/body
  • antrum
  • pylorus
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2
Q

functional divisions of the stomach

A
  • proximal reservoir

- distal antrum pump

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3
Q

the musculature of the ________ is adapted to maintain tonic contraction and allow periods of relaxation while the muscles of the _________ contract phasically

A
  • musculature of the proximal stomach

- while muscles of the antral pump contract

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4
Q

what is tonic contraction

A
  • contraction for long periods of time
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5
Q

two functions of gastric reservoir

A
  • accomodate ingested material during a meal

- maintain compressive force on ingested contents to push material towards antral pump

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6
Q

gastric accommodation occurs via ______ of the fundus which ______ gastric volume

A
  • relaxation of the funds

- increases gastric volume

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7
Q

what happens if you don’t have appropriate coordinated accomodation

A
  • early satiety
  • nausea
  • epigastric pain
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8
Q

3 types of relaxation

A
  • receptive relaxation
  • adaptive relaxation
  • feedback relaxation
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9
Q

_________ relaxation is a reflex triggered by the act of swallowing through stimulation of ___________ which stimulate _______ motor neurons in the enteric nervous system via efferent _______ fibers

A
  • receptive relaxation
  • mechanoreceptors
  • inhibitory motor neurons
  • vagal fibers
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10
Q

_________ relaxation is a ______ reflex trigged by distention of the _______ by mechanoreceptors within the gastric wall

A
  • adaptive relaxation
  • vago-vagal reflex
  • gastric reservoir
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11
Q

_________ relaxation is triggered by the presence of nutrients entering the small intestine

A
  • feedback
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12
Q

gastric reservoir innervated by which neurons

of which nervous system

under which control

A
  • excitatory and inhibitory motor neurons
  • of enteric nervous system
  • under control by efferent vagal fibers
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13
Q

what is the primary function of the antral pump

why

A
  • trituration

- grinds particles small enough to empty into duodenum

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14
Q

3 phases of the antral pump

A
  • propulsion
  • emptying
  • retropulsion
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15
Q

what happens during propulsion

A
  • gastric action potentials create a leading and trailing contraction
  • leadings contraction pushes bolus towards antrum which triggers contraction of pyloric muscle
  • some material empties into duodenum
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16
Q

what happens during retropulsion

A
  • trailing contraction pushes gastric contents against closed pylorus
  • repulses contents back into reservoir
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17
Q

importance of antral pump

A
  • prevents solid masses greater than 7 mm from entering duodenum
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18
Q

another important function of gastric motility

A
  • delivery of gastric contents that does not overload digestive and absorptive functions of small intestine
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19
Q

the rate of gastric emptying is adjusted by ______ control to compensate for variations in _____, ______, and ______ of gastric contents

A
  • neural control

- volume, composition, and physical state of gastric contents

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20
Q

speed of meals contains protein, fats, and carbs

A
  • carbs leave stomach fastest
  • then protein
  • fats are slowest
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21
Q

rate of emptying also depends on the ________ pressure of material entering duodenum

A
  • osmotic pressure
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22
Q

hyperosmolarity of the duodenal content is sensed by _______ that initiate a _______ in gastric emptying through neuronal feedback

A
  • duodenal osmoreceptors
  • decrease

BASICALLY ITS TOO PACKED TOGETHER SO YOU HAVE TO TAKE LONGER TO BREAK IT DOWN

23
Q

which empty fastest, liquids or solids

A
  • liquids empty fastest
24
Q

3 small intestinal motility patterns

A
  • interdigestive
  • digestive
  • power propulsion
25
Q

when does the interdigestive state begin

A
  • when digestion and absorption of nutrients are complete
26
Q

the pattern of motility in the interdigestive state is characterized by ________

A
  • migrating motor complex
27
Q

migrating motor complex starts as __________ contractions arising from ________

A
  • large-amplitude contractions

- distal stomach

28
Q

path of the contractions

A
  • distal stomach
  • duodenum
  • small intestine
  • terminal ileum
29
Q

3 phases of migrating motor complex

A
  1. silent period with no contractile activity
  2. irregularly occurring contractions
  3. regularly occurring contractions
30
Q

phase II and III together make up the activity front within which _______ waves propel contents ______ through the lumen

A
  • peristaltic waves propel contents distally through the lumen
31
Q

as one activity front _____ in the ileum another one ____ in the antrum

A
  • ends in the ileum

- begins in the antrum

32
Q

cycling of the migrating motor complex occurs until

which

A
  • more food is ingested

- ceases the migrating motor complex

33
Q

how migrating motor complex helps the gallbladder

A
  • coordinated contraction of gallbladder to deliver bile to duodenum
  • bile reabsorbed in terminal ileum
  • minimizes the accumulation of bile in the gallbladder and increases movement of bile acids during the interdigestive state
  • prevents formation of gallstones
34
Q

how migrating motor complex helps intestinal lumen

A
  • clears indigestible debris from lumen in interdigestive state
35
Q

how migrating motor complex helps small intestine

A
  • prevents overgrowth of microorganisms in small intestine because lumen contents are always moving
36
Q

migrating motor complex controlled by which system

A
  • enteric nervous system
37
Q

during digestive state a ______ pattern of motility replaces the migrating motor complex

A
  • mixing pattern of motility (segmentation)
38
Q

_____ muscle contraction in short propulsive segments are separated on either end by ____ receiving segments

importance

A
  • circular muscle contraction
  • separated by relaxed receiving segments
  • propulsive segment sends chyme in both directions to receiving segments
39
Q

what happens in receiving segments

A
  • stirring and mixing occur
40
Q

importance of segmentation

A
  • small bowel contents have greater time in contact with mucosa which increases absorption
41
Q

_______ involves strong, long-lasting contractions of ___ muscle that propagate for extended distances along the ____

A
  • power propulsion
  • circular
  • small and large intestine
42
Q

power propulsion occurs in the _____ direction during emesis in the small intestine and in the ______ direction in response to noxious stimulation in both small and large intestine

A
  • retrograde (backwards) during emesis

- antegrade (forwards) during noxious stimuli

43
Q

symptoms associated with power propulsions

A
  • abdominal cramping

- diarrhea

44
Q

how is power propulsion a defensive adaptation

A
  • rapid clearance of undesirable contents from the small intestine lumen
45
Q

between small and large intestine, which contains mixture of remnants of several meals

A
  • large intestine
46
Q

primary motility pattern of the colon

A
  • ring-like contraction of circular muscle that divide colon into haustra pockets
47
Q

difference between haustration in large intestine and segmentation of small intestine

A
  • contracting and receiving segments in haustration remain in their states much longer
  • haustration form and reform at different sites
48
Q

haustration during fasting

A
  • propulsion in both directions

- reabsorb water without net forward propulsion

49
Q

haustration during net forward propulsion

purpose

A
  • contents of one haustra pushed into adjacent region where a second haustral pocket is
  • compacts feces
50
Q

what triggers power propulsion in the large intestine

A
  • increased delivery of ileal chyme into ascending colon

- irritant laxatives

51
Q

power propulsion of feces in the healthy bowel typically begins in the _________ colon

causing

A
  • mid-transverse

- causes cessation of haustration

52
Q

what part of the colon is the primary location of water and electrolyte absorption

A
  • transverse colon
53
Q

importance of sigmoid colon and rectum

A
  • storage of stool until time for defecation

GI Midterm 1 (25 decks)

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