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GI Midterm 1 > Abdominal Viscera > Flashcards

Abdominal Viscera Flashcards

1
Q

which parasympathetic nerve innervates the anterior vagal trunk of the esophagus

A
  • left vagus
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2
Q

which parasympathetic nerve innervates the posterior vagal trunk of the esophagus

A
  • right vagus
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3
Q

esophageal arteries arise from

A
  • aorta
  • bronchial arteries
  • left gastric artery
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4
Q

esophagus drained by small vessels returning primarily t the _________

A
  • azygous system
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5
Q

upper 1/3 of esophagus is _______ muscle

middle 1/3 of esophagus is _______ muscle

lower 1/3 of esophagus is ________ muscle

A
  • skeletal
  • mix of skeletal and smooth
  • smooth muscle
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6
Q

function of esophagus

A
  • conveys bolus of food by perastalsis to stomach
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7
Q

parts of the upper esophageal sphincter

A
  • pharyngoesophageal sphincter

- cricopharyngeus part of inferior pharyngeal constrictor

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8
Q

parts of lower esophageal sphincter

A
  • gastroesophageal or cardiac sphincter
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9
Q

what is the point of attachment for the gastroepiploic ligament and greater omentum

A
  • greater curvature of the stomach
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10
Q

what is the point of attachment for the lesser omentum

A
  • lesser curvature of the stomach
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11
Q

the pyloric orifice is an outlet surrounded by the

A
  • pyloric sphincter
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12
Q

muscle of the stomach

A
  • 3 layers of smooth muscles
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13
Q

what are rugae

A
  • wrinkles in inner stomach lining
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14
Q

function of stomach

A
  • acidifies and converts bolus of food into chyme

- produces digestive enzymes and hormones

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15
Q

what is the thickening of the middle circular layer of the muscularis externa in the stomach

A
  • pyloric sphincter
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16
Q

what is a quick pathway from liquids and pills and a site of peptic ulcer formation

A
  • magenstrasse
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17
Q

dark streaks are found in the ___________ after caustic substance ingestion

A
  • magenstrasse
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18
Q

what runs from the pyloric orifice in the stomach to the ileocecal junction

A
  • small intestine
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19
Q

function of small intestine

A
  • secretes hormones
  • continues digestion
  • absorbs resulting metabolites
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20
Q

what part of the small intestine is located in the LUQ

A
  • jejunum
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21
Q

what part of the small intestine is located in the RLQ

A
  • ileum
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22
Q

what secretes alkaline fluid and urogastrone

where are they located

A
  • Brunner’s glands

- small intestine

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23
Q

what enhances epithelial cell division and inhibits gastric HCL production

A
  • urogastrone
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24
Q

what are spiral circular folds that increase the surface area two fold

where are they located

A
  • plicae circulares

- small intestine

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25
Q

what are large lymphoid nodules that extend into submucosa

where are they located

A
  • Peyer’s patches

- small intestine

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26
Q

intestinal villi increase surface area _____ fold

A
  • 10
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27
Q

microvilli contain

A
  • actin
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28
Q

microvilli increase surface area ______ fold

A
  • 20
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29
Q

part of the microvilli that forms barriers due to tight junctions

A
  • zonula occludens
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30
Q

which part of the duodenum has a mobile part known as the duodenal cap

A
  • 1st (superior
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31
Q

where do most duodenal ulcers occur

A
  • superior part of duodenum
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32
Q

1st (superior) part of duodenum corresponds to what vertebral level

A
  • L1
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33
Q

which part of the duodenum contains the major and minor papilla

A
  • 2nd (descending)
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34
Q

what is the opening of the common bile duct and main pancreatic duct

A
  • major papilla
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35
Q

where is the major papilla located

A
  • junction of foregut and midgut
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36
Q

what is the opening of the accessory pancreatic duct

A
  • minor papilla
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37
Q

2nd (descending) part of duodenum corresponds to what vertebral level

A
  • L2-L3
38
Q

main pancreatic duct and common bile duct converge at the ___________-

A
  • major duodenal papilla
39
Q

what part of the duodenum crosses the aorta under the SMA and has the SMA run over it

A
  • 3rd (inferior or transverse) part
40
Q

what part of the duodenum is the beginning of the midgut

A
  • 3rd
41
Q

the 3rd (inferior or transverse) part of duodenum corresponds to what vertebral level

A
  • L3
42
Q

what part of the duodenum terminates at the duodenal junction

A
  • 4th (ascending)
43
Q

what holds the duodenojejunal junction in place

known as the suspensory muscle of duodenum

composed of smooth or skeletal muscle

A
  • ligament of Treitz

- skeletal muscle

44
Q

the 4th (ascending) part of duodenum corresponds to what vertebral level

A
  • L2
45
Q

the nutcracker describes the relationship between

A
  • duodenum and SMA
46
Q

jejunum is vascularized by _____ vasa recta

A
  • long vasa recta
47
Q

ileum is vascularized by ________ vasa recta but _______ arterial arcades than the jejunum

A
  • short vasa recta

- more arterial arcades than the jejunum

48
Q

what is the thickening of the inner circular layers of the muscularis external in the ileum

A
  • ileocecal sphincter
49
Q

function of colon

A
  • absorb fluid and electrolytes
  • produce feces and mucus
  • house bacteria that produce vitamins B12 and K
50
Q

what is the first part of the colon called

A
  • cecum
51
Q

what the hollow tube connected to the cecum that contains large aggregates of lymphoid tissue

A
  • appendix
52
Q

appendix suspended by the

A
  • mesoappendix
53
Q

traverse colon suspended by the

A
  • transverse mesocolon
54
Q

what occurs 2/3 distance across transverse colon

A
  • division of midgut and hindgut
55
Q

in the division of the midgut and hindgut parasympathetic innervation switches from

A
  • vagus to S2-S4
56
Q

blood supply in the division from the midgut to hindgut switches from

A
  • SMA to IMA
57
Q

sigmoid colon suspended by

A
  • sigmoid mesocolon
58
Q

what extends from the sigmoid colon to the anal canal

A
  • rectum
59
Q

what is the lower part of the rectum where feces are stored

A
  • ampulla
60
Q

superior part of the rectum vascularized by the ______ system

A
  • portal system
61
Q

middle and inferior part of the rectum vascularized by the _____ system

A
  • caval
62
Q

what lies below the pelvic diaphgram and ends at the anus

A
  • anal canal
63
Q

what are spaces in between anal columns called

A
  • anal sinuses
64
Q

membrane or skin above the pectinate line in the anal canal

what about below

A
  • mucous membrane above

- skin below

65
Q

epithelium above the pectinate line in the anal canal

what about below

A
  • simple columnar/cuboidal above

- stratified squamous below

66
Q

sensory innervation above the pectinate line in the anal canal

what about below

A
  • visceral above (less sensitive)

- general below (very sensitive)

67
Q

venous drainage to ________ above the pectinate line in the anal canal

what about below

A
  • portal above

- systemic below

68
Q

lymphatic drainage to _______ nodes above the pectinate line in the anal canal

what about below

A
  • to internal iliac nodes above

- to superficial inguinal nodes below

69
Q

the internal anal sphincter is smooth or skeletal muscle

what about external

A
  • smooth

- skeletal

70
Q

what is the largest visceral organ in the body

where is it located

A
  • liver

- right hypochondriac and epigastric regions

71
Q

what attaches the liver to the abdominal wall

A
  • falciform ligament
72
Q

what attaches the liver to the diaphragm

A
  • triangular and coronary ligament
73
Q

what attaches the liver to the stomach and is part of the lesser omentum

A
  • hepatogastric ligament
74
Q

what attaches the liver to the duodenum and is part of the lesser omentum

A
  • hepatoduodenal ligament
75
Q

what is the point of entry for hepatic arteries and the portal vein and the exit point for hepatic ducts

A
  • porta hepatis
76
Q

left lobe of the liver includes which lobes

A
  • quadrate lobe

- caudate lobe

77
Q

liver blood flow

A
  • portal vein
  • branches of portal vein
  • sinusoids
  • central vein
  • sublobular vein
  • hepatic vein
78
Q

which parts of the portal triad enter the liver

which parts leave

A
  • proper hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein

- common hepatic duct

79
Q

where does the common hepatic duct drain

A
  • cystic duct into the gallbladder

- common bile duct

80
Q

once bile has been released from the gallbladder, what is its path

A
  • cystic duct
  • common hepatic duct
  • common bile duct
  • duodenum
81
Q

function of gallbladder

A
  • receives, concentrates, and stores bile from liver
82
Q

blood supply of pancrease

A
  • anterior/posterior superior pancreaticduodenal arteries (from celiac)
  • dorsal pancreatic branches of splenic artery (from celiac)
  • anterior/posterior inferior pancreaticduodenal arteries (from SMA)
83
Q

parasympathetic nervous system is (craniosacral/thoracolumbar) in origin?

what about sympathetic

A
  • craniosacral

- thoracolumber

84
Q

pre/post cell length in parasympathetic

what about sympathetic

A
  • long:short

- short:long

85
Q

synapse location of parasympathetic

what about sympathetic

A
  • wall of organ

- ganglia

86
Q

postsynaptic neurotransmitter of parasympathetic

what about sympathetic

A
  • acetylcholine

- NE

87
Q

parasympathetic action on anal sphincter

sympathetic action on anal sphincter

A
  • inhibit anal sphincter

- contract anal sphincter

88
Q

innervation of foregut at what vertebral levels

by what nerves

A
  • T5-T9

- greater thoracic splanchnic and vagus

89
Q

innervation of midgut and kidney at what vertebral levels

by what nerves

A
  • T10-T11

- lesser thoracic splanchnic and vagus

90
Q

innervation of hindgut at what vertebral levels

by what nerves

A
  • L1-L2 (lumbar splanchnic)

- S2-S4 (pelvic splanchnic)

91
Q

what ends at the second part of the duodenum

A
  • foregut
92
Q

what ends near the junction of the transverse colon

A
  • midgut

GI Midterm 1 (25 decks)

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