Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI Midterm 1 > Intro to GI and Esophageal Motility Module (Quiz) > Flashcards

Intro to GI and Esophageal Motility Module (Quiz) Flashcards

1
Q

GI tract innervated by which nervous system

A
  • autonomic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

autonomic nervous system divided into

A
  • extrinsic

- enteric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

extrinsic nervous system divided into

A
  • parasympathetic

- sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the enteric nervous system is connected to the

but can function

A
  • CNS

- can also function autonomously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

two networks for the enteric nervous system

A
  • myenteric plexus

- submucousal plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which plexus is located between the outer longitudinal and middle circular muscle layers

A
  • myenteric plexus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which plexus is located between the middle circular layer and the mucosa

A
  • submucousal plexus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which plexus controls motor function of the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers

A
  • myenteric plexus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

which plexus controls intestinal secretion

A
  • submucous plexus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

in the ______ plexus, excitatory motor neurons stimulate smooth muscle contraction primarily through release of _________ and inhibitory motor neurons stimulate relaxation primarily though release of _________

A
  • myenteric plexus
  • excitatory - acetylcholine
  • inhibitory - nitric oxide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the __________ plexus innervates the glandular epithelia, intestinal endocrine cells, and submucosal blood vessels to regulate intestinal secretion

A
  • submucousal plexus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

parasympathetic innervation of the GI tract is supplied primarily by which nerves

A
  • vagus nerve

- pelvic nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

preganglioninc efferent parasympathetic fibers project to the cholinergic neurons within the myenteric and submucous plexuses of the enteric nervous system to cause smooth muscle ___________

A
  • contraction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the preganglionic vagal fibers project to enteric neurons where

A
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • small intestine
  • colon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

efferent fibers in the pelvic nerves project to enteric neurons where

A
  • colon

- rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

vagal nerve signals are primarily mediated through the release of

A
  • acetylcholine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

parasympathetic inputs in the esophagus and stomach result in contraction or relaxation?

A
  • both

- controls excitatory or inhibitory motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

parasympathetic projections to the small and large intestine result in contraction or relaxation?

A
  • contraction

- controls excitatory motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

sympathetic input in the enteric nervous system does what

A
  • shunt blood from splanchnic to systemic circulation

- suppress digestive function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

sympathetic input mediated primarily through which neurotransmitter

A
  • norepinephrine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

sympathetic input acts directly on sphincteric muscles to ________ tone, keep the sphincter ________ and ________ GI motility through presynaptic _________ of enteric motor neurons

A
  • increase tone
  • keep sphincter closed
  • decrease GI motility
  • through presynaptic inhibition
22
Q

peristalsis is an organized reflex response initiated when

A
  • gut wall stretched by luminal contents
23
Q

wall stretch initiates ________ of the circular muscle and ________ of the longitudinal muscle in the propulsive segment

A
  • contraction of circular muscle

- relaxation of longitudinal muscle

24
Q

wall stretch initiates ________ of the circular muscle and ________ of the longitudinal muscle in the receiving segment

A
  • relaxation of circular muscle

- contraction of longitudinal muscle

25
Q

wave of perastalsis moves in an _____ to _____ direction

A
  • oral to caudal
26
Q

while peristaltic activity can be increased or decreased by the parasympathetic and sympathetic stimuli its occurrence is ________ of extrinsic innervation

A
  • independent of
27
Q

what is trituration

purpose

A
  • crushing and grinding ingested food by the stomach

- decreases particle size and increases surface area to improve efficiency of digestive enzymes in the small intestine

28
Q

what do mixing movements do

A
  • blend secretions with nutrients in the small intestine to promote increased contact with mucosal surface to facilitate nutrient absorption
29
Q

the prototypic mixing pattern is termed

A
  • segmentation
30
Q

prototypic mixing movement involves a repetitive pattern of ___________ propulsion into _______ receiving segments that facilitate stirring and mixing of chyme

A
  • repetitive pattern of bidirectional propulsion into relaxed receiving segments
31
Q

reservoir functions are performed by

A
  • stomach and colon
32
Q

which sphincter is located at the junction of the posterior oropharynx and proximal esophagus

A
  • upper esophageal sphincter
33
Q

function of upper esophageal sphincter

A
  • prevents retrograde flow of GI contents

- prevents passage of air into esophagus

34
Q

which sphincter is located at the junction of the distal esophagus and proximal stomach

A
  • lower esophageal sphincter
35
Q

function of lower esophageal sphincter

A
  • prevents reflux of gastric contents into esophagus
36
Q

in the absence of a hiatal hernia, the lower esophageal sphincter is located in the

A
  • diaphragmatic hiatus
37
Q

what is located at the junction of the distal stomach and duodenal bulb

A
  • pylorus
38
Q

function of pylorus

A
  • gastric emptying

- prevents reflux of bile acid and pancreatic enzymes into the stomach

39
Q

which sphincter is located at the level of the duodenal ampulla where both the pancreatic and common bile ducts insert in the duodenum

A
  • sphincter of Oddi
40
Q

function of sphincter of Oddi

A
  • prevents reflux of small bowel chyme into bile and pancreatic ducts
  • participates in maintenance of sterility of pancreatic and biliary trees
41
Q

which sphincter is located at the junction of the terminal ileum and cecum

A
  • ileocecal valve
42
Q

function of ileocecal valve

A
  • prevents reflux of colonic contents into small bowel

- limits small bowel bacterial overgrowth

43
Q

which sphincters are located at the proximal and distal aspects of the anal canal

A
  • internal and external anal sphincters
44
Q

function of internal and external anal sphincters

A
  • maintain fecal continence
45
Q

division of esophagus

A
  • upper esophageal sphincter
  • esophageal body
  • lower esophageal sphincter
46
Q

proximal 1/3 of esophagus composed of ________ muscle

distal 2/3 of esophagus composed of _______ muscle

A
  • striated

- smooth

47
Q

the upper and lower esophogeal sphincters remain ________ which ________ influx of air and reflux of gastric contents into esophagus while the esophageal body is _________ when not involved in the act of _________

A
  • sphincters remain contracted
  • prevents influx of air
  • esophageal body is relaxed
  • when not involved in swallowing
48
Q

primarily peristalsis is initiated by

A
  • voluntary act of swallowing
49
Q

secondary peristalsis occurs when

A
  • primary peristaltic event fails to clear bolus from body of esophagus
50
Q

secondary peristalsis initiated by action of

A
  • mechanoreceptors
51
Q

at the onset of the swallow, the lower esophageal sphincter ________ which corresponds to a ________ in pressure across the sphincter which lasts until

what is this also called

A
  • relaxes
  • fall in pressure
  • lasts until esophagus empties its contents into the stomach
  • deglutitive relaxation of the LES
52
Q

coordination of the peristaltic wave and relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter is mediated by ______ nerve signals

A
  • mediated by vagal nerve signals

GI Midterm 1 (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions