microbiologia Flashcards

1
Q

bacterias gram positivas

A

*son gruesas, compactas y formadas casi exclusivamente por peptidoglicanos.
*presentan en su pared ácidos teicoicos y lipoteicoicos
*esporas

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2
Q

bacterias gram negativas

A

*son delgadas, menos compactas
*estan formadas por una membrana externa( de fosfolipidos) unida a una fina capa de peptidoglicanos mediante lipoproteinas
*en la membrana se pueden encontrar dos proteinas exclusivas: porinas y el lipopolisacarido

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3
Q

cocos gram + / aerobios

A

*staphylococcus
*streptococcus
*enterococcus

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4
Q

cocos gram +/ anaerobios

A

*peptococcus
*peptoesreptococcus

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5
Q

bacilos gram+ / aerobios

A

*listeria
*nocardia
*bacillus
*corynebacterium
*erysipelothrix
*Rhodococcus

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6
Q

bacilos gram+ / anaerobios

A

*actinomyces
*clostridium
*propionibacterium

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7
Q

cocos gram- /aerobios

A

*Neisseria
*Morraxella

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8
Q

bacilos gram- /aerobios

A

*enterobacterias: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, salmonella, shigella, proteus, serratia, citrobacter, enterobacter, providencia, morganella, yersinia
*“curvos” : vibrio, campilobacter, helicobacter.
*otros: haemophilus, francisella, pasteurella, gardnerella, capocytophaga, bordetella.
*no fermentadores: pseudomonas, acinetobacter, burkholderia, stenotrophomonas

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9
Q

bacilos gram- / anaerobios

A

*bacteroides
*fusarium
*prevotella

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10
Q

intracelulares

A

*chlamydia
*rickettsia
*coxiella
*legionella
*brucella
*tropheryma
*mycoplasma
*bartonella

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11
Q

espiroquetas

A

*borrelia
*leptospira
*treponema

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12
Q

micobacterias

A

*mycobacterium

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13
Q

tinciones para micobacterias

A

ziehl-nielsen/auramina-rodamina

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14
Q

tinciones fluorescentes

A

naranja de acridina -bacterias
blanco de calcoflúor - hongos

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15
Q

azul de toluidina (tinción)

A

protozoos

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16
Q

giemsa (tinción)

A

protozoos, hongos

17
Q

hematoxilina-eosina

A

hongos, protozoos

18
Q

tinciones de plata

A

hongos

19
Q

en cuanto tiempo hay crecimiento bactereriano en un cultivo

A

*18-48hrs
*crecimiento lento dejar incubar hasta 10-14dias

20
Q

medio de cultivo para brucella

A

*tinción para microorganismos ácido alcohol resistentes
*medio de cultivo : Ruiz castañeda

21
Q

medio de cultivo para V. cholerae

A

*agar tiosulfato citrato bilis sacarosa

22
Q

medio de cultivo para B. pertussis

A

*bordet gengou

23
Q

medio de cultivo para c. diphtheriae

A

*agar loeffler o telurito de potasio

24
Q

medio de cultivo para H. influenzae

A

*agar chocolate + NAD + hematina

25
Q

medio de cultivo para M. tuberculosis

A

*löwenstein- jensen
*middlebrook

26
Q

medio de cultivo para M. pneumoniae

A

*agar eaton

27
Q

medio de cultivo para enterobacterias fermentadoras de lactosa

A

*macconkey

28
Q

medio de cultivo para legionella

A

agar carbon y extrato de levadura + hierro + cisteína

29
Q

medio de cultivo para N. meningitidis y N. gonorrhoeae

A

*thayer martin

30
Q

medio de cultivo para S. pyogenes

A

*sangre de cordero