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Microbiology > Microbial Growth and Biofilms > Flashcards

Microbial Growth and Biofilms Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Eukaryotic microbes exhibit what type(s) of reproduction?

A

Sexual

Asexual

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2
Q

Prokaryotic microbes exhibit what type of reproduction? What is it called?

A

Asexual reproduction

Binary fission

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3
Q

Steps of binary fission

A
  1. DNA replicates
  2. Cell elongates and chromosomes separate
  3. Septum forms
  4. Cell divides
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4
Q

FtsZ: homologue of what eukaryotic protein?

A

Tubulin

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5
Q

FtsZ: what is it required for?

A

Cell division

Septum formation

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6
Q

FtsZ: what does it form?

A

Contractile ring at midcell

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7
Q

FtsZ: where does its energy come from?

A

Hydrolysis of GTP

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8
Q

Growth curve: what does it show?

A

Growth of microbial population in culture

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9
Q

Batch culture

A

Closed vessel, single batch of medium

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10
Q

Growth curve: x axis

A

Time

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11
Q

Growth curve: y axis

A

Log of number of viable cells

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12
Q

Growth curve: lag phase

A

No growth yet

Cells are synthesizing new components

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13
Q

Growth curve: exponential (log) phase

A

Balanced, constant growth

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14
Q

Generation (doubling) time

A

Describes growth during exponential (log) phase: time required for cells to divide

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15
Q

Growth curve: stationary phase

A

Population growth ceases

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16
Q

Why do cells stop growing in stationary phase?

A

All nutrients are used up
Culture becomes too crowded/dense
Buildup of toxic byproducts
Oxygen gets used up

17
Q

Growth curve: death phase

A

Cells begin to die

18
Q

Spores: what are they? In what phase do they form? Is spore state reversible?

A

Spores are stress-resistant, dormant cells
Form in stationary phase
Spore state can be reversible

19
Q

Examples of bacteria that form spores

A

Bacillus

Clostridium tetani

20
Q

Measuring microbial growth: direct cell counts- what instruments used?

A

Uses counting chambers (Petroff-Hausser)

21
Q

Drawback to direct cell counts

A

Hard to differentiate living from dead cells

22
Q

Measuring microbial growth: viable cell counts- what method used? Unit of growth?

A

Plating

Colony forming units (CFUs)

23
Q

Measuring microbial growth: turbidity measurements- how does it work? What instrument used?

A

Microbial cells scatter light striking them
More turbid- more cells- more light scattered
Spectrophotometer

24
Q

Biofilms

A

Microbial communities attached to a surface and covered with a protective matrix

25
Q

Stage 1 of biofilm growth: planktonic cells

A

Free-living, often motile cells

26
Q

Stage 2 of biofilm growth: attachment

A

Planktonic cells attach to surface using pili and adherence proteins

27
Q

Stage 3 of biofilm growth: colonization- how it works, what is the result

A 
Quorum sensing (density dependent cell-cell signaling) activates gene expression 
Genes make a matrix of polysaccharide, protein, and DNA
28
Q

Stage 4 of biofilm growth: maturation

A

Formation of mushroom with channels for nutrients and oxygen gradients

29
Q

Stage 5 of biofilm growth: dispersal

A

Mushroom opens and planktonic cells are reformed

30
Q

Examples of where biofilms can be found

A

Lake/pond
Water line
Implants such as hip replacements
Body systems such as GI, eye, lung, etc.

31
Q

Intelligent implant to battle biofilms: how it works

A

Prevention of biofilm formation by putting sensor into implant that can detect bacteria and then release antimicrobial solution
A few bacterial cells are easier to kill than many in a biofilm

32
Q

Dental plaque: what is it classified as? How many microbial species found?

A

Example of biofilm in mouth

Over 300 microbial species present

33
Q

Carries: what are they, how are they formed

A

Tooth decay

Bacterial fermentation -> acidic byproducts -> enamel erosion

34
Q

Bacteria that causes carries

A

Streptococcus mutans

35
Q

Periodontal disease: what causes it?

A

Microbial infection with inflammation and tissue destruction

36
Q

Bacteria that causes periodontal disease and has also been linked to Alzheimer’s

A

Porphyromonas gingivalis

Microbiology (24 decks)

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