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Science > Micro-Organisms > Flashcards

Micro-Organisms Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the three main types of microbe?

A

Fungi, bacteria, virus

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2
Q

What is the biggest microbe?

A

Fungi

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3
Q

What do fungi cells have?

A

Nucleus, cell membrane, food storage granule, vacuole, cytoplasm

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4
Q

What is a flagella?

A

Bacteria “tails” that let them swim

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5
Q

What do bacterium cells have?

A

Cell wall, cytoplasm, cell membrane, chromosome

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6
Q

What do viruses have in their cells?

A

Protein, strand of genes

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7
Q

What is the smallest microbe?

A

Virus

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8
Q

What are some useful microbes?

A

Yeast - for bread and alcohol. Changes milk into yogurt and cheese

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9
Q

What are some harmful diseases caused by fungi?

A

Athletes foot, thrush

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10
Q

What are some harmful diseases caused by bacteria?

A

Salmonella, whooping cough

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11
Q

What are some harmful diseases caused by viruses?

A

Common cold, flu, chicken pox, measles

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12
Q

What is asexual reproduction (bacteria)

A

When they reproduce without a male or female - they make copies of themselves

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13
Q

How do microbes cause diseases?

A

When they reproduce in the body, they produce harmful substances called toxins and damages tissues and organs

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14
Q

How do bacteria multiply?

A

They double themselves every 20mins

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15
Q

How can some diseases spread?

A

In the air, through touch, through animal contact, through contaminated food, through exchange of bodily fluids, sex, genetics

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16
Q

What are viruses like?

A

They have pointy spikes - to stick and attack cells

17
Q

What are bacteria like?

A

Sausages shape, tail (flagellum)

18
Q

What are fungi like?

A

Cell wall, fluffy, grows they own food

19
Q

What are the three layers of the natural defence system?

A

Our body, white blood cells, antibodies

20
Q

What does our skin protect us from?

A

Stops microbes entering our body

21
Q

What does our hair protect us from?

A

Traps microbes and stops the entering our bodies

22
Q

What does cilia protect our bodies from?

A

Move mucus and microbes out of the wind pipe

23
Q

What does the stomach acid do to protect our body from microbes?

A

Kills microbes such as bacteria and viruses that we swallow

24
Q

What does the sebum do to protect our body from microbes?

A

Oil secreted from the skin that kills microbes

25
Q

What does the lysozyme do to protect our body from microbes?

A

An enzyme that exists in body cells and eyes that kills bacterial cells by breaking down their cell walls

26
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

A harmful microbe

27
Q

What do white blood cells do?

A

Ingest pathogens and digest it so it can’t cause harm (phagocyte)

28
Q

What is an antigen?

A

A toxin that induces immune responses

29
Q

What type of white blood cell produces antibodies?

A

Lymphocytes

30
Q

What do white blood cells do?

A

Recognise her invading pathogen and surround it making it harmless. Each antibody is specific to a particular pathogen

31
Q

What is a virus?

A

A tiny bundle of genetic material carried in a shell, the viral coat or capsid which is made of protein called capsomeres

32
Q

What do antibiotics do?

A

They stop bacteria reproducing and harm or kill the bacteria. They treat diseases caused by bacteria

33
Q

How do you become immune to a disease?

A

The first time the pathogen enters the body, lymphocytes produce antibodies for that specific microbe. The next time it enters the body, the white blood cells remember the pathogen and its antibody

34
Q

What do vaccines do?

A

Inject you with a small amount of a dead or weak disease or microbe

35
Q

How do vaccines work?

A

antibodies are produced that recognise and remember that specific pathogen so it can fight off that disease again

36
Q

What is a vaccine?

A

A small amount of a weak or dead disease-causing microbe that stimulates the production of antibodies to create an immunity towards that disease

37
Q

Who came up with the vaccine idea?

A

Edward Jenner

38
Q

How did Edward Jenner get the idea of a vaccine?

A

He noticed milkmaids that got cowpox never got smallpox

Science (21 decks)

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