Atoms Elements & States of Matter Flashcards
Carbon
C
O
Oxygen
Lithium
Li
F
Fluoride
K
Potassium
Gold
Au
Ti
Titanium
Iron
Fe
Copper
Cu
Ag
Silver
N
Nitrogen
Mg
Magnesium
Lead
Pb
Iodine
I
What is an element?
Something made of only one type of atom
- can’t be split up into anything smaller by chemical methods
What is an atom?
The smallest particle
What is a compound?
Two or more different atoms that are chemically joined together
What is a mixture?
Two or more different atoms that aren’t chemically joined together
What is a molecule?
Two or more chemically joined atoms
In the periodic table, what is a row called? How many are there?
A “period” - 7
What is a column in the periodic table called? How many are there?
A “group” - 18
What are the different parts of an atom?
Electrons, neutrons, protons, electron shells
What is subliming?
The change of state: solid straight to gas
What is it called when solids change to liquids?
Melting
What is it called when liquids change to gases?
Evaporating/boiling
What is it called when gases change into liquids?
Condensation
What is it called when liquids change into solids
Freezing
What is iron + oxygen?
What is the symbol equation?
Iron oxide
Fe + O2 ===> FeO2
What are the particles in a solid like?
They are all touching, have a fixed shape and in rows (and vibrate - they are not completely still)
What are the particles in a liquids like?
They are not in any arranged order, can take the shape of any volume or container, and the particles are still touching
What are the particles in a gas like?
Don’t touch, move past each other in random directions, can take the shape of any container or volume
How do materials change state?
Heat energy (usually from a flame) gives the particles kinetic energy to move more causing them to break form and shape and therefore change state
How many atoms of each element are in this formula - CuO
1 copper atom
1 oxygen atom
What type of element goes first in formulae?
Metal
What does a formula end in when there is oxygen added to more than one other elements???
-ate
What are some ways of separating mixtures?
Using a magnet for magnetic materials, dissolving and evaporating, filtering, distillation, chromatography
What is density?
The ratio of mass to volume
How do you find the density of an object?
Density= mass/volume
What is the density like in solids?
Since the particles are very close together and tightly packed, they have the highest density
What is the density like in liquids?
They are still quite close together. Although they are randomly arranged, they are still tightly packed and have high densities
What is the density like in gases?
The particles are very far apart so they have very low densities
What is expansion?
When substances increase in size - when they get warmer
What is contraction?
When substances decrease in size - when they are cooled
How do substances expand?
The particles stay the same size. But the space between them changes. When they are heated, they move around and vibrate more making more room for them to move
How do you find the cooling curve of a substance
Heat it and measure its temperature. Or allow it to cool and measure its temperature
How do you find the freezing point of a substance on a cooling curve?
It is where the temperature stays the same during the state change (freezing)
What happens to the internal energy during melting and evaporating?
It increases as the particles move more and breaks the bonds
What happens to the internal energy during condensing and freezing?
It decreases as the particles move less and new bonds are formed
What does insoluble mean?
Unable to dissolve in a solvent
What does dissolve mean?
When a substance mixes completely with a solvent
What does soluble mean?
Able to dissolve in a solvent
What is a solution?
A mixture of solute a and solvents
What is a solute?
A substance that dissolves in a solution
What is a solvent?
The liquid where the solute dissolves to make a solution
What happens in dissolving (in terms of particles)
Particles of a solvent collide with particles of solute. They surround the particles of a solute gradually moving them away until the particles are evenly spread through the solvent
What is a saturated solution?
Where no more solute will dissolve
What is the different stages of solubility?
Dilute, concentrated, saturated
What happens to the mass during solubility?
The total mass stays the same since the solute doesn’t disappear
How does diffusion happen?
Particles move from a highly concentrated area to a less concentrated area. They move on their own as they can freely move around the space
Why can’t diffusion happen in solids?
Because the particles can’t move around freely - they are in a fixed position
Why doesn’t the smell travels as fast as the particles?
Because the particles move in random directions, making it harder for the particles to collide and pass on the smell
How do you speed up diffusion?
Heat it - the heat gives the particles energy to move more
What is distillation?
Can separate two liquids by evaporation and condensation as long as they have different boiling points
What is filtration?
When a solvent passes through filter paper to separate it from an insoluble substance
What is chromatography?
Separates different solute a from a solution with no solvent
What does chromatography mean?
"Chroma" = colours "Tography" = capture Chromatography = to capture colours
What is evaporation used for?
To separate a soluble from a solvent - leaves the solute as a residue and can condense the solvent to get it back
How does filtration work?
The filter paper has tiny holes for the liquid to pass through since but the solid is too big to pass through
How does evaporation work?
The heat gives the particles energy to move around and break the bonds of the solvent surrounding the solute. The liquid changes into a gas
What could we use for distillation?
A Liebig condenser
Neutrons charge
0
Protons charge
+1
Electron charge
-1
What is the atomic number
The number of protons in an atom
