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Science > Atoms Elements & States of Matter > Flashcards

Atoms Elements & States of Matter Flashcards

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0
Q

Carbon

A

C

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1
Q

O

A

Oxygen

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2
Q

Lithium

A

Li

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3
Q

F

A

Fluoride

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4
Q

K

A

Potassium

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5
Q

Gold

A

Au

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6
Q

Ti

A

Titanium

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7
Q

Iron

A

Fe

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8
Q

Copper

A

Cu

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9
Q

Ag

A

Silver

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10
Q

N

A

Nitrogen

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11
Q

Mg

A

Magnesium

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12
Q

Lead

A

Pb

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13
Q

Iodine

A

I

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14
Q

What is an element?

A

Something made of only one type of atom

- can’t be split up into anything smaller by chemical methods

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15
Q

What is an atom?

A

The smallest particle

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16
Q

What is a compound?

A

Two or more different atoms that are chemically joined together

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17
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Two or more different atoms that aren’t chemically joined together

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18
Q

What is a molecule?

A

Two or more chemically joined atoms

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19
Q

In the periodic table, what is a row called? How many are there?

A

A “period” - 7

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20
Q

What is a column in the periodic table called? How many are there?

A

A “group” - 18

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21
Q

What are the different parts of an atom?

A

Electrons, neutrons, protons, electron shells

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22
Q

What is subliming?

A

The change of state: solid straight to gas

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23
Q

What is it called when solids change to liquids?

A

Melting

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24
Q

What is it called when liquids change to gases?

A

Evaporating/boiling

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25
Q

What is it called when gases change into liquids?

A

Condensation

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26
Q

What is it called when liquids change into solids

A

Freezing

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27
Q

What is iron + oxygen?

What is the symbol equation?

A

Iron oxide

Fe + O2 ===> FeO2

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28
Q

What are the particles in a solid like?

A

They are all touching, have a fixed shape and in rows (and vibrate - they are not completely still)

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29
Q

What are the particles in a liquids like?

A

They are not in any arranged order, can take the shape of any volume or container, and the particles are still touching

30
Q

What are the particles in a gas like?

A

Don’t touch, move past each other in random directions, can take the shape of any container or volume

31
Q

How do materials change state?

A

Heat energy (usually from a flame) gives the particles kinetic energy to move more causing them to break form and shape and therefore change state

32
Q

How many atoms of each element are in this formula - CuO

A

1 copper atom

1 oxygen atom

33
Q

What type of element goes first in formulae?

A

Metal

34
Q

What does a formula end in when there is oxygen added to more than one other elements???

A

-ate

35
Q

What are some ways of separating mixtures?

A

Using a magnet for magnetic materials, dissolving and evaporating, filtering, distillation, chromatography

36
Q

What is density?

A

The ratio of mass to volume

37
Q

How do you find the density of an object?

A

Density= mass/volume

38
Q

What is the density like in solids?

A

Since the particles are very close together and tightly packed, they have the highest density

39
Q

What is the density like in liquids?

A

They are still quite close together. Although they are randomly arranged, they are still tightly packed and have high densities

40
Q

What is the density like in gases?

A

The particles are very far apart so they have very low densities

41
Q

What is expansion?

A

When substances increase in size - when they get warmer

42
Q

What is contraction?

A

When substances decrease in size - when they are cooled

43
Q

How do substances expand?

A

The particles stay the same size. But the space between them changes. When they are heated, they move around and vibrate more making more room for them to move

44
Q

How do you find the cooling curve of a substance

A

Heat it and measure its temperature. Or allow it to cool and measure its temperature

45
Q

How do you find the freezing point of a substance on a cooling curve?

A

It is where the temperature stays the same during the state change (freezing)

46
Q

What happens to the internal energy during melting and evaporating?

A

It increases as the particles move more and breaks the bonds

47
Q

What happens to the internal energy during condensing and freezing?

A

It decreases as the particles move less and new bonds are formed

48
Q

What does insoluble mean?

A

Unable to dissolve in a solvent

49
Q

What does dissolve mean?

A

When a substance mixes completely with a solvent

50
Q

What does soluble mean?

A

Able to dissolve in a solvent

51
Q

What is a solution?

A

A mixture of solute a and solvents

52
Q

What is a solute?

A

A substance that dissolves in a solution

53
Q

What is a solvent?

A

The liquid where the solute dissolves to make a solution

54
Q

What happens in dissolving (in terms of particles)

A

Particles of a solvent collide with particles of solute. They surround the particles of a solute gradually moving them away until the particles are evenly spread through the solvent

55
Q

What is a saturated solution?

A

Where no more solute will dissolve

56
Q

What is the different stages of solubility?

A

Dilute, concentrated, saturated

57
Q

What happens to the mass during solubility?

A

The total mass stays the same since the solute doesn’t disappear

58
Q

How does diffusion happen?

A

Particles move from a highly concentrated area to a less concentrated area. They move on their own as they can freely move around the space

59
Q

Why can’t diffusion happen in solids?

A

Because the particles can’t move around freely - they are in a fixed position

60
Q

Why doesn’t the smell travels as fast as the particles?

A

Because the particles move in random directions, making it harder for the particles to collide and pass on the smell

61
Q

How do you speed up diffusion?

A

Heat it - the heat gives the particles energy to move more

62
Q

What is distillation?

A

Can separate two liquids by evaporation and condensation as long as they have different boiling points

63
Q

What is filtration?

A

When a solvent passes through filter paper to separate it from an insoluble substance

64
Q

What is chromatography?

A

Separates different solute a from a solution with no solvent

65
Q

What does chromatography mean?

A 
"Chroma" = colours
"Tography" = capture
Chromatography = to capture colours
66
Q

What is evaporation used for?

A

To separate a soluble from a solvent - leaves the solute as a residue and can condense the solvent to get it back

67
Q

How does filtration work?

A

The filter paper has tiny holes for the liquid to pass through since but the solid is too big to pass through

68
Q

How does evaporation work?

A

The heat gives the particles energy to move around and break the bonds of the solvent surrounding the solute. The liquid changes into a gas

69
Q

What could we use for distillation?

A

A Liebig condenser

70
Q

Neutrons charge

A

0

71
Q

Protons charge

A

+1

72
Q

Electron charge

A

-1

73
Q

What is the atomic number

A

The number of protons in an atom

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