Food And Digestion Flashcards
What are the 7 food groups
Carbohydrates, protein, fats, water, fibre, vitamins, minerals
What do carbs do for the body? Give examples
Provide immediate energy. E.g. Bread, pasta, rice, potatoes, cereals
What does protein do for the body? Give examples
For growth and repair of muscles and cells. E.g. Fish, meat, eggs, tofu, beans, pulses and dairy products
What do fatty foods do for the body? Give examples
Provide stored energy and warmth (and protect inner organs). E.g. Butter, oil, lard, nuts, avocados
What do minerals do for the body? Give examples
To maintain health/prevent diseases. E.g. Milk (calcium), liver (iron), salt (potassium)
What do victimised do for the body? Give examples
Maintain health/prevent diseases. E.g. Fruits, vegetables
What does fibre do for the body? Give examples
Helps with digestion. E.g. Vegetables, bran, wholemeal/grain products
What does water do for the body?
To keep us hydrated
What is a balanced diet?
A diet that contains the correct amounts of all the necessary nutrients required for healthy growth and activity - more vits and mins and less fats
What should a hard working builder eat more of?
Proteins - repair muscles
Carbohydrates - energy
What is deficiency?
When there is too little or too much of a particular nutrient in the diet
What is the energy in foods measured in?
Kilojoules kJ
Would a person who isn’t very active need more or less energy?
Less
What causes night blindness and what are the symptoms?
Not enough Vit A. - reduced vision in the dark
What causes spina bifida and what are the symptoms?
Not enough folic acid when in the womb or runs in the family. - spinal cord comes out of the body, bad joints and spaz attacks
What causes obesity and what are the symptoms?
Too much stored fat that isn’t burned off. - overweight, pressured organs, large, fatigue (get out of breath easily)
What causes anaemia and what are the symptoms?
Lack of red blood cells and iron. - fatigue, pale, dry nails
What causes rickets and what are the symptoms?
Lack of vitamin D and calcium. - bowed legs, soft bones
What causes scurvy and what are the symptoms?
Lack of vitamin C - lack of appetite, swollen gums, red and blue spots
What causes kwashiorkor and what are the symptoms?
Lack of protein - pop belly, change of colour, damage to immune system
What causes constipation and what are the symptoms?
Lack of fibre - difficulty with bowl movements
What is purpose of the mouth?
Food is chewed and mixed with salvia
What is purpose of the oesophagus (gullet)?
The tube where food goes to the stomach
What is purpose of the stomach?
Food is churned and hydrochloric acid helps the enzymes do digestion
What is purpose of the small intestine?
Digestion is finished. Food is absorbed in the villi into the bloodstream for respiration
What is purpose of the pancreas?
Enzymes produced here
What is purpose of the large intestines?
Water is absorbed
What is purpose of the rectum?
Waste is stored here before it is excreted
What is purpose of the anus?
The hole where waste passes out the body
What is the food test for sugars?
Benedict solution - blue: negative, brick red: positive
What is the food test for starch?
Iodine - orange: negative, black: positive
What is the food test for protein?
Biuret Solution - light blue: negative, purple: positive
What is the food test for fat?
Grease proof paper - transparent: positive
What do enzymes do?
Help break down big food molecule chains into smaller food molecules so they can fit through the small holes in the villi in the small intestine so it can go into the bloodstream for respiration
Describe the enzyme amylase (carbohydrase)
Breaks down carbohydrates (starch) into glucose (sugar). Located in the mouth at pH 6
Describe the enzyme protease
Breaks down proteins into amino acids. It is located in the stomach with the pH of 2
Describe the enzyme lipase
Breaks down fats (lipids) into glycerol and fatty acid. It is located in the small intestine at the pH of 9-10
What temperature do amylase enzymes work best in?
Hot - until a point where it doesn’t work
What temperature is our bodies?
37°C
