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Science > Light & Sound > Flashcards

Light & Sound Flashcards

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1
Q

What is luminous?

A

Something that gives off its own light energy

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2
Q

What is illuminous?

A

Doesn’t give off its own light energy - reflects light etc

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3
Q

Describe light

A

Travels as beams or rays in straight lines. It travels much faster that sound

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4
Q

How do we see things?

A

Light bounces off objects into our eyes (the retina)

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5
Q

What are the similarities of sound and light?

A

They both travel in a type of wave. They can both reflect and bounce off objects

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6
Q

What are the differences between sound and light?

A

Light travels much faster. Sound isn’t visible. Light doesn’t need particles to travel through

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7
Q

How do we know that light waves don’t need particles to travel through?

A

We can see the Suns light down on earth (no particles in space)

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8
Q

What does transparent mean?

A

Light is transmitted. You can see through it

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9
Q

What does translucent mean?

A

Some light is transmitted

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10
Q

What does opaque mean?

A

Light is absorbed or reflected. No light is transmitted

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11
Q

What does reflected mean?

A

Light is bounced off this object??

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12
Q

What does absorbed mean?

A

Light is “taken in”?

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13
Q

What does transmitted mean?

A

Light can go through it

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14
Q

What does a shadow represent?

A

The absence of light

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15
Q

What does every opaque object leave behind them?

A

A shadow, opposite to the direction of light

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16
Q

What is a regular reflection?

A

When light rays bounce off a smooth surface in parallel lines. The light is not scattered

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17
Q

What is diffuse reflection?

A

Light rays bounce off rough surfaces in scattered directions

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18
Q

What are the different parts of reflection?

A

Incident ray, reflected ray, angle of incidence, angle of reflection, normal

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19
Q

What is the normal?

A

An imaginary line 90° form the mirror

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20
Q

What is the rule of reflection?

A

Angle of incidence = angle of reflection

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21
Q

How do we measure the angle of incidence/reflection?

A

From the incident/reflected ray to the normal

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22
Q

What is a medium?

A

The material light travel through

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23
Q

What is refraction

A

When the speed light travels at changes through different densities

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24
Q

Which way do rays bend when it slows down?

A

It bends towards the normal

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25
Q

Which way do rays bend through a less dense medium? (Speeds up)

A

Away from the normal

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26
Q

Why does a ray of light bend in a denser medium (how)

A

Part of the wave hits the dense object first and slows down before the other part.

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27
Q

What is dispersion?

A

When white light is split up into its seven colours of the spectrum

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28
Q

What are the colours of the spectrum?

A

Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet

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29
Q

How are the colours split?

A

The different colours have different wave lengths. So they refract before each other making them disperse

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30
Q

What type of wave is light?

A

Electromagnetic, transverse

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31
Q

What are the primary colours of light?

A

Red, blue, green (they are all single waves)

32
Q

What does green and blue lights make?

A

Cyan

33
Q

What does red and blue lights make?

A

Magenta

34
Q

What does green and red lights make?

A

Yellow (Amber)

35
Q

How do we see red objects in white light?

A

All the colours in the spectrum get absorbed apart from red which is reflected into our eyes

36
Q

What would a red object look like in blue light?

A

It would look black since the red object absorbs blue light as its a single wave and doesn’t reflect any other colours

37
Q

What colour does a blue object look in white light?

A

Blue - all the colours are absorbed but blue is reflected

38
Q

What colour does a blue object look in red light?

A

Black - blue is absorbed and none is reflected

39
Q

What colour does a blue object look in magenta light?

A

Blue - magenta is red and blue light so it absorbs the red and reflects the blue

40
Q

How are sounds made?

A

Vibrations

41
Q

What is the first stage of audible hearing?

A

Sound waves channel through the auditory canal and hit the eardrum

42
Q

What is the second stage of audible hearing?

A

Vibrations of the eardrum pass onto tiny bones called ossicles in the middle ear

43
Q

What is the third stage of audible hearing?

A

The ossicles transmit the vibrations to the cochlea in the inner ear

44
Q

What is the fourth stage of audible hearing?

A

Tiny hair cells in the cochlea help transmit electrical signals through the auditory nerve to the brain

45
Q

What are the different parts of the ear?

A

Pinna, auditory canal, eardrum, ossicles, cochlea, auditory nerve

46
Q

What does the pinna do?

A

It’s big surface “collect” sound waves

47
Q

What is ultrasound?

A

Very high pitched noises. They are so high humans can’t hear them

48
Q

What is infrasound?

A

Very low pitched noises. They are so low humans can’t hear them

49
Q

What animals use ultrasound?

A

Bats, dogs and dolphins.

50
Q

What is echo-locating?

A

When sound waves bounce off an object and animals know how far away it is

51
Q

What animals use infrasound?

A

Elephants and giraffes

52
Q

What is the frequency of sound?

A

The number of vibrations per second. It is measured in Hertz (Hz). Higher pitched sounds have higher frequencies

53
Q

What is amplitude?

A

The distance between the midpoint and the furthest point. Louder sounds have higher amplitudes

54
Q

What does a CRO show?

A

The pattern of sounds on a screen

55
Q

What is a kilo hertz equivalent to?

A

1000 hertz

56
Q

How does sound travel?

A

Sound travels as particles. They vibrate but don’t move. They simply bang into each other and compress.

57
Q

What does the sound wave show about the particles?

A

The compression in particles vibrating in the ear. In between the compression is rarefaction

58
Q

What type of waves are sound waves?

A

Longitude

59
Q

Can sound travel through a vacuum?

A

No - only solids, gases and liquids

59
Q

What do you look at in a sound wave to find out the volume?

A

The amplitude - the higher the amplitude the louder the sound

60
Q

What do you look at in a sound wave to find the pitch

A

Frequency - the more waves per second, the higher the pitch

61
Q

What state of matter does sound travel best in?

A

Solid - because the particles are closer together so energy can be passed on quicker
Then liquid then gas

62
Q

Why can’t sound travel in a vacuum?

A

Because sound needs particles to travel

63
Q

Why is gas the slowest state for sound to travel through?

A

Because the particles are more spread out and move in random directions, it is harder for the sound vibrations to pass into each other.

64
Q

What is wavelength?

A

The difference between 2 crests

65
Q

What is distance in a sound wave?

A

The width of a crest or trough (from the midpoint)

66
Q

What is a crest in a sound wave?

A

The bit of the wave above the midpoint

67
Q

What is a trough in a sound wave?

A

The bit of the wave under the midpoint

68
Q

How do we hear a guitar? (Using particles)

A

When we pluck a string, it vibrates and causes the particles around it to vibrate with the same frequencies, passing them onto each other causing compressions and rarefactions until it reaches our ears

69
Q

What is the loudness of sound measured in?

A

Decibels dB

70
Q

The louder the sound the _____ energy

A

More

71
Q

If the decibel number is 10 more than another number it is…

A

Twice as loud

72
Q

What makes us loose our hearing as we get older?

A

The small hairs in the cochlea get damaged and don’t repair

73
Q

As you get fitter, your heart rate gets ________ and your your recovery time is _________. Why?

A

Slower, quicker. Because the heart is stronger and can pump more blood to get more energy

74
Q

How can we stop sound from echoing/reflecting?

A

Using carpets or curtains to absorb the energy since smooth surfaces are good at reflecting sound

75
Q

How can we prevent our ears being damaged in future?

A

By keeping away from loud noises, wearing earplugs, putting music on low volume

Science (21 decks)

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